At the end of 2019, while preparing its financial statements, Shamrock Ltd. discovered an error in its accounting records. A truck with an original cost of $12,000, a service life of 4 years, and a residual value of $3,200 was expensed when it was purchased at the beginning of 2018. The company was subject to an income tax rate of 40%. Shamrock used the straight-line method of depreciation for vehicles and follows ASPE. Prepare the journal entries to correct the error and record depreciation for 2019.
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At the end of 2019, while preparing its financial statements, Shamrock Ltd. discovered an error in its accounting records. A truck with an original cost of $12,000, a service life of 4 years, and a residual value of $3,200 was expensed when it was purchased at the beginning of 2018. The company was subject to an income tax rate of 40%. Shamrock used the straight-line method of
Prepare the
(To record correction of prior year error.)
and
(To record depreciation expense.)
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- Soon after December 31, 2019, the auditor requested a depreciation schedule for trucks of Jarrett Trucking Company, showing the additions, retirements, depreciation, and other data affecting the income of the company in the 4-year period 2016 to 2019, inclusive. The following data were in the Trucks account as of January 1, 2016: The Accumulated DepreciationTrucks account, previously adjusted to January 1,2016, and duly entered in the ledger, had a balance on that date of 16,460. This amount represented the straight-line depreciation on the four trucks from the respective dates of purchase, based on a 5-year life and no residual value. No debits had been made to this account prior to January 1, 2016. Transactions between January 1,2017, and December 31, 2019, and their record in the ledger were as follows: 1. July 1, 2016: Truck no. 1 was sold for 1,000 cash. The entry was a debit to Cash and a credit to Trucks, 1,000. 2. January 1, 2017: Truck no. 3 was traded for a larger one (no. 5) with a 5-year life. The agreed purchase price was 12,000. Jarrett paid the other company 1,780 cash on the transaction. The entry was a debit to Trucks, 1,780, and a credit to Cash, 1,780. 3. July 1, 2018: Truck no. 4 was damaged in a wreck to such an extent that it was sold as junk for 50 cash. Jarrett received 950 from the insurance company. The entry made by the bookkeeper was a debit to Cash, 1,000, and credits to Miscellaneous Revenue, 50, and Trucks, 950, 4. July 1, 2018: A new truck (no. 6) was acquired for 20,000 cash and debited at that amount to the Trucks account. The truck has a 5-year life. Entries for depreciation had been made at the close of each year as follows: 2016, 8,840; 2017, 5,436; 2018, 4,896; 2019, 4,356. Required: 1. Next Level For each of the 4 years, calculate separately the increase or decrease in earnings arising from the companys errors in determining or entering depreciation or in recording transactions affecting trucks. 2. Prove your work by one compound journal entry as of December 31, 2019; the adjustment of the Trucks account is to reflect the correct balances, assuming that the books have not been closed for 2019.During 2019, Ryel Companys controller asked you to prepare correcting journal entries for the following three situations: 1. Machine A was purchased for 50,000 on January 1, 2014. Straight-line depreciation has been recorded for 5 years, and the Accumulated Depreciation account has a balance of 25,000. The estimated residual value remains at 5,000, but the service life is now estimated to be 1 year longer than estimated originally. 2. Machine B was purchased for 40,000 on January 1, 2017. It had an estimated residual value of 5,000 and an estimated service life of 10 years. it has been depreciated under the double-declining-balance method for 2 years. Now, at the beginning of the third year, Ryel has decided to change to the straight-line method. 3. Machine C was purchased for 20,000 on January 1, 2018, Double-declining-balance depreciation has been recorded for 1 year. The estimated residual value of the machine is 2,000 and the estimated service life is 5 years. The computation of the depreciation erroneously included the estimated residual value. Required: Prepare any necessary correcting journal entries for each situation. Also prepare the journal entry necessary for each situation to record depreciation expense for 2019.At the end of 2020, while auditing Sandlin Companys books, before the books have been closed, you find the following items: a. A building with a 30-year life (no residual value, depreciated using the straight-line method) was purchased on January 1, 2020, by issuing a 90,000 non-interest-bearing, 4-year note. The entry made to record the purchase was a debit to Building and a credit to Notes Payable for 90,000; 12% is a fair rate of interest on the note. b. The inventory at the end of 2020 was found to be overstated by 15,000. At the same time, it was discovered that the inventory at the end of 2019 had been overstated by 35,000. The company uses the perpetual inventory system. c. For the last 3 years, the company has failed to accrue salaries and w-ages. The correct amounts at the end of each year were: 2018, 12,000; 2019, 18,000; and 2020, 10,000. Required: 1. Prepare journal entries to correct the errors. Ignore income taxes. 2. Assume, instead, that the company discovered the errors after it had closed the books. Prepare journal entries to correct the errors. Ignore income taxes.
- The following are independent errors: a. In January 2019, repair costs of 9,000 were debited to the Machinery account. At the beginning of 2019, the book value of the machinery was 100,000. No residual value is expected, the remaining estimated life is 10 years, and straight-line depreciation is used. b. All purchases of materials for construction contracts still in progress have been immediately expensed. It is discovered that the use of these materials was 10,000 during 2018 and 12,000 during 2019. c. Depreciation on manufacturing equipment has been excluded from manufacturing costs and treated as a period expense. During 2019, 40,000 of depreciation was accounted for in that manner. Production was 15,000 units during 2019, of which 3,000 remained in inventory at the end of the year. Assume there was no inventory at the beginning of 2019. Required: Prepare journal entries for the preceding errors discovered during 2020. Ignore income taxes.Kam Company purchased a machine on January 2, 2019, for 20,000. The machine had an expected life of 8 years and a residual value of 300. The double-declining-balance method of depreciation is used. Required: 1. Compute the depreciation expense for each year of the assets life and book value at the end of each year. 2. Assuming that the company has a policy of always changing to the straight-line method at the midpoint of the assets life, compute the depreciation expense for each year of the assets life. 3. Assuming that the company always changes to the straight-line method at the beginning of the year when the annual straight-line amount exceeds the double-declining-balance amount, compute the depreciation expense for each year of the assets life.Shannon Corporation began operations on January 1, 2019. Financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, contained the following errors: In addition, on December 31, 2020, fully depreciated machinery was sold for 10,800 cash, but the sale was not recorded until 2021. There were no other errors during 2019 or 2020, and no corrections have been made for any of the errors. Refer to the information for Shannon Corporation above. Ignoring income taxes, what is the total effect of the errors on the amount of working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) at December 31, 2020? a. working capital overstated by 4,200 b. working capital understated by 5,800 c. working capital understated by 6,000 d. working capital understated by 9,800
- At the beginning of 2020, Holden Companys controller asked you to prepare correcting entries for the following three situations: 1. Machine X was purchased for 100,000 on January 1, 2015. Straight-line depreciation has been recorded for 5 years, and the Accumulated Depreciation account has a balance of 45,000. The estimated residual value remains at 10,000, but the service life is now estimated to be 1 year longer than originally estimated. 2. Machine Y was purchased for 40,000 on January 1, 2018. It had an estimated residual value of 4,000 and an estimated service life of 8 years. It has been depreciated under the sum-of-the-years-digits method for 2 years. Now, the company has decided to change to the straight-line method. 3. Machine Z was purchased for 80,000 on January 1, 2019. Double-declining-balance depreciation has been recorded for 1 year. The estimated residual value is 8,000 and the estimated service life is 5 years. The computation of the depreciation erroneously included the estimated residual value. Required: Prepare any necessary correcting journal entries for each situation. Also prepare the journal entry for each situation to record the depreciation for 2020. Ignore income taxes.On May 10, 2019, Horan Company purchased equipment for 25,000. The equipment has an estimated service life of 5 years and zero residual value. Assume that the straight-line depreciation method is used. Required: Compute the depreciation expense for 2019 for each of the following four alternatives: 1. Horan computes depreciation expense to the nearest day. (Use 12 months of 30 days each and round the daily depreciation rate to 2 decimal places.) 2. Horan computes depreciation expense to the nearest month. Assets purchased in the first half of the month are considered owned for the whole month. 3. Horan computes depreciation expense to the nearest whole year. Assets purchased in the first half of the year are considered owned for the whole year. 4. Horan records one-half years depreciation expense on all assets purchased during the year.Hunter Company purchased a light truck on January 2, 2019 for 18,000. The truck, which will be used for deliveries, has the following characteristics: Estimated life: 5 years Estimated residual value: 3,000 Depreciation method for financial statements: straight-line method Depreciation for income tax purposes: MACRS (3-year life) From 2019 through 2023, each year, Hunter had sales of 100,000, cost of goods sold of 60,000, and operating expenses (excluding depreciation) of 15,000. The truck was disposed of on December 31, 2023, for 2,000. Required: 1. Prepare an income statement for financial reporting through pretax accounting income for each of the 5 years, 2019 through 2023. 2. Prepare, instead, an income statement for income tax purposes through taxable income for each of the 5 years, 2019 through 2023. 3. Compare the total income for all 5 years under Requirements 1 and 2.
- At the end of 2020, Magenta Manufacturing Company discovered that construction cost had been capitalized as a cost of the factory building in 2015 when it should have been treated as a cost of production equipment installation costs. As a result of the misclassification, the depreciation through 2018 was understated by 110,000, and depreciation for 2019 was understated by 90,000. What would be the consequences of correcting for the misclassification of the property cost? a. The taxpayer uses the FIFO inventory method, and 25% of goods produced during the period were included in the ending inventory. b. The taxpayer uses the LIFO inventory method, and no new LIFO layer was added during 2019.At the beginning of 2019, Conley Company purchased an asset at a cost of 10,000. For financial reporting purposes, the asset has a 4-year life with no residual value and is depreciated by the straight-line method beginning in 2019. For tax purposes, the asset is depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. Prior to 2019, Conley had no deferred tax liability or asset. The difference between depreciation for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes is the only temporary difference between pretax financial income and taxable income. The current income tax rate is 30%, and no change in the tax rate has been enacted for future years. In 2019 and 2020, taxable income will be higher or lower than financial income by what amount?Gray Companys financial statements showed income before income taxes of 4,030,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, and 3,330,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Additional information is as follows: Capital expenditures were 2,800,000 in 2020 and 4,000,000 in 2019. Included in the 2020 capital expenditures is equipment purchased for 1,000,000 on January 1, 2020, with no salvage value. Gray used straight-line depreciation based on a 10-year estimated life in its financial statements. As a result of additional information now available, it is estimated that this equipment should have only an 8-year life. Gray made an error in its financial statements that should be regarded as material. A payment of 180,000 was made in January 2020 and charged to expense in 2020 for insurance premiums applicable to policies commencing and expiring in 2019. No liability had been recorded for this item at December 31, 2019. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflected in Grays financial statements was 7,000 at December 31, 2020, and 97,000 at December 31, 2019. During 2020, 90,000 of uncollectible receivables were written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. In 2019, the provision for doubtful accounts was based on a percentage of net sales. The 2020 provision has not yet been recorded. Net sales were 58,500,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, and 49,230,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Based on the latest available facts, the 2020 provision for doubtful accounts is estimated to be 0.2% of net sales. A review of the estimated warranty liability at December 31, 2020, which is included in other liabilities in Grays financial statements, has disclosed that this estimated liability should be increased 170,000. Gray has two large blast furnaces that it uses in its manufacturing process. These furnaces must be periodically relined. Furnace A was relined in January 2014 at a cost of 230,000 and in January 2019 at a cost of 280,000. Furnace B was relined for the first time in January 2020 at a cost of 300,000. In Grays financial statements, these costs were expensed as incurred. Since a relining will last for 5 years, Grays management feels it would be preferable to capitalize and depreciate the cost of the relining over the productive life of the relining. Gray has decided to nuke a change in accounting principle from expensing relining costs as incurred to capitalizing them and depreciating them over their productive life on a straight-line basis with a full years depreciation in the year of relining. This change meets the requirements for a change in accounting principle under GAAP. Required: 1. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, prepare a worksheet reconciling income before income taxes as given previously with income before income taxes as adjusted for the preceding additional information. Show supporting computations in good form. Ignore income taxes and deferred tax considerations in your answer. The worksheet should have the following format: 2. As of January 1, 2020, compute the retrospective adjustment of retained earnings for the change in accounting principle from expensing to capitalizing relining costs. Ignore income taxes and deferred tax considerations in your answer.
