b. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes?     i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)?     ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be pure-breeding?    iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be pure-breeding?

The data set attached presents the results of a testcross using female flies heterozygous for three traits and male flies, which are homozygous recessive. For simplicity, mutant alleles are shown with letters a, b, and c and wildtype alleles are indicated by a “+” symbol. For this part of the report do the following in order: a) Determine the gene order (which gene is in the middle?)d) Construct a genetic map for the three genes, including the map distances between them. Clearly indicate the logic you followed and show all your calculations. Include the full distance calculations for the two most distanced genes (do not just add the other 2 distances).  Ensure the work is neat and clear and does not contain spelling or grammatical errors so that it is understandable. Make sure to double check the solution provided.

A complementation analysis was performed using pea plants which normally have purple flowers. Twenty-five mutants for white flower colour were discovered across 10 populations. The mutants were bred in a complementation test which showed two complementation groups with 10 mutants in one group and 15 in the other. (a) How many genes contribute to flower colour in pea plants based on this data? (b) Is it likely that more genes contribute to pea plant flower colour? Explain

A breeder is interested in a new coat colour in mice. This trait is controlled by a single autosomal gene (Gene T) with two alleles. The T-allele results in a yellow coat colour, while the recessive allele causes a cream coat colour. The breeder has a yellow mouse. Can you suggest how the breeder can determine the genotype (TT or Tt) of his mouse in a single cross? Describe this cross and provide details on how you would interpret the results.

A farmer is interested in a new colour pattern in his breed of cattle. This trait is controlled by a single autosomal gene (Gene R) with two alleles. The R-allele results in a spotted colour pattern, while the recessive allele causes a solid colour. The farmer has a cow that has the spotted pattern. Can you suggest how the farmer can determine the genotype (RR or Rr) of his cow in a single cross? Describe this cross and provide details on how you would interpret the results.

All of the following are reasons that Mendel chose the pea plant as a model system for his studies EXCEPT ________. A) peas have a relatively short generation time B) peas produce large numbers of seeds C) he could control which parents were involved in mating D) peas only reproduce by cross-fertilization

Part A) You cross a fly with straight wings with a fly with curved wings to produce the F1 generation, all of which exhibit straight wings. In the F2 generation, you observe 65 straight-winged flies and 16 curved-wing flies. Based upon the results, which phenotype is recessive? Part B) You think this trait is controlled by a single gene, but the F2 numbers don’t quite match a 3:1 expected ratio. Perform a chi-square analysis to determine if the variation you observe is due to chance or not. Based upon this determination, would you keep or reject the “null hypothesis”? Show your work and explain your reasoning.