Base in second position U A G UUU UCU UAU UGU Phe Tyr Cys UUC UCC UAC UGC Ser Stop A UCA Leu UCG UUA UAA Stop UGA UUG UAG Stop UGG Trp G CUU CCU CAU CGU His CỤC >Leu ССА CAC CGC Arg CCC Pro CUA CAA CGA Gin CAG CUG CCG CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU Asn Ser AGC AUC A AUA >lle ACC AAC Thr ACA AAA AGA Lys AAG Arg G AUG Met/ ACG AGG start GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GAC GUC G GUA GCC GGC Val Gly A Ala GCA GAA GGA Glu GUG GCG GAG GGG G Base in first position (5' end) Base in third position (3' end)
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Sickle-cell disease is caused by a so-called point mutation in the human
β-globin gene. A point mutation is the result of a single base substitution in
the DNA encoding a gene. The sickle-cell mutation results in the substitution of Val for Glu at position 6 in the β-globin protein.
(a) Using the information in Figure, explain how a point mutation
could change a codon for Glu to a codon for Val.
(b) Do you expect the pI for the sickle-cell b-globin to be higher or lower
than the pI for wild-type β-globin? Explain
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