Before the technology existed to synthesize RNAmolecules of defined sequence like those in Fig. 8.5,similar experiments were performed with syntheticmRNAs of undefined sequence. For example, RNAsconsisting only of Us and Gs could be synthesized invitro, but they would have random sequences. Supposea pool of random-sequence RNAs was synthesized ina reaction mixture containing three times as much UTPas GTP, and that the resulting RNAs were translatedin vitro.a. How many different codons exist in the RNAs?b. How many different amino acids would you find inthe polypeptides synthesized?c. Why are your answers to (a) and (b) not the same?d. How often would you expect to find each of thecodons in (a)?e. In what proportions would you expect to find eachof the amino acids in the polypeptides?f. If you did this experiment—that is, synthesizedrandom-sequence RNAs containing a 3:1 ratio ofU:G, and quantified the amount of each amino acidin the polypeptides produced—prior to knowledgeof the genetic code table, what would the resultshave told you?
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
Before the technology existed to synthesize RNA
molecules of defined sequence like those in Fig. 8.5,
similar experiments were performed with synthetic
mRNAs of undefined sequence. For example, RNAs
consisting only of Us and Gs could be synthesized in
vitro, but they would have random sequences. Suppose
a pool of random-sequence RNAs was synthesized in
a reaction mixture containing three times as much UTP
as GTP, and that the resulting RNAs were translated
in vitro.
a. How many different codons exist in the RNAs?
b. How many different amino acids would you find in
the polypeptides synthesized?
c. Why are your answers to (a) and (b) not the same?
d. How often would you expect to find each of the
codons in (a)?
e. In what proportions would you expect to find each
of the amino acids in the polypeptides?
f. If you did this experiment—that is, synthesized
random-sequence RNAs containing a 3:1 ratio of
U:G, and quantified the amount of each amino acid
in the polypeptides produced—prior to knowledge
of the genetic code table, what would the results
have told you?
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