Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?

Q: The reason why most antibiotics as oral suspension dosage forms are commercially available as dry…

A: Antibiotics are the drugs used for the treatment of bacterial infection.  Oral antibiotic are always…

Q: What is pharmacophore? write about its significance in drug discovery? briefly explain

A: The drug is the chemical substance that is responsible for altering the function of living things.…

Q: List 3 different types of nanoparticles that can be used in drug delivery applications? List down…

A: Drugs are medications that are used to treat the signs and symptoms of diseases which should be…

Q: Please design a hypothetical targeted drug delivery system and explain it in detail

A: Drug targeting refers to the delivery of medications to specific receptors, organs, or other bodily…

Q: What is the present status of drug discovery research for COVID-19? Find articles/ researches that…

A: COVID-19:- Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can infect humans and cause respiratory disease.…

Q: Explain the effect of COM-blockers on bacterial transformation and their application in controlling…

A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…

Q: What is a goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?

A: Microbes are the tiny organisms that are present all over the globe.

Q: elaborate about drug metabolism phases: phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) Phase II…

A: Phase I: Yields a polar, water-soluble, metabolite that is often still active. Many of the products…

Q: Discuss the possible advantages of quorum sensingproteins as antibiotic targets

A: Quorum sensing enables the bacteria to detect and respond to the cell population density by gene…

Q: intercalating agent

A: Intercalation is the process in which there is the insertion of molecules between the planar bases…

Q: Why have the chemical structure of some antimicrobial drugs been modified into semisynthetics?

A: Many antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs halt bacterial infection by interfering with the…

Q: Define antispasmodics

A: As we know A drug is any chemical substance or material that alters the physiology or psychology of…

Q: what are two broad classifications of antibiotics in terms of their ability to kill or inhibit?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that are effective against bacteria. Antibiotic medications…

Q: What is the purpose of the negative and positive control in the Disc diffusion assay? Why is it…

A: The disc diffusion assay is used to determine the susceptibility of test bacteria to different…

Q: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with…

A: innate system of immunity is the first defense of the body . anti microbial peptides are part of the…

Q: What does the zone of inhibition imply? Does the measurement of the zone of inhibition imply that…

A: Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ( AST) is a test used to detect best Antibiotic for eradication of…

Q: How does physicochemical properties of a drug define its biological mechanism? Please explain at…

A: A drug is considered a substance that tends to cause certain changes in physiological functions. The…

Q: Explain the process of drug powder aerosolization process from a DPI?  Please answer at your own…

A: Drug powder inhalers (DPIs) are medical devices that are used by patients to deliver dry powder…

Q: what are the types of analogue in medicinal chemistry? and why it is so important in drug discovery…

A: Introduction Drug analogs in the medicinal industry are compounds sharing structural and therapeutic…

Q: The Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method relies on:    A. The inhibition of one…

A: In Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method zone of inhibition is  measured to…

Q: What are the biggest health issues the antibiotic misuse and antibiotic resistance pose? At least…

A: Inappropriate use of antibiotics means the use of antibiotics for self-medication and/or medication…

Q: The structures of two antiviral drugs are shown below. Draw the structures of the natural compounds…

A: Antiviral drugs are considered as the class of medications, which is used to treat the infections…

Q: In what ways can you use aseptic technique principles in your daily life to preserve a healthy…

A: According to the question we have to explain the ways by which we can use aseptic technique…

Q: What was the first synthetic antimicrobial? - Salvarsan - Tetracycline - Sulfonimide

A: Need to find the first antimicrobial from the following.

Q: With the help of two (2) examples, define antibiotics

A: Antibiotics are widely used to treat certain infections cause by bacteria.

Q: What is meant by ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’?

A: Antibiotics are also called antibacterial and are the medications that slow or destroy bacterial…

Q: Will the results of an in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test always agree with the results of an in…

A: Invitro means the situation in which the experiments are conducted under the laboratory conditions.…

Q: All of the following are characteristics of defensins except:     A. There are two classes of…

A: Plants are exposed to different variety of pests and pathogens in nature. It has developed various…

Q: Write the Drug Discovery Process of Diltiazem?

A: *The revelation of Ca++ antagonism as a modern principle of activity of coronary drugs comes back to…

Q: Explain the drug discovery process of Losartan?

A: Drug discovery process of Losartan Saralasin is an octa-peptide counterpart of Ang II that replaces…

Q: Explain the phenomenon of drug resistance from the standpoint of microbial genetics

A: Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with the study of heredity and evolution and study of…

Q: 100ml of LB media with 25 μg/ml of Amp and 100 μg/ml of Kan final concentration. You have 100ml of…

A: An artificial nutrient medium contains nutritional components like sugars, salts, amino acids, etc.…

Q: what does oxacillin resistant mean? how  the pathogen may have become oxacillin resistant

A: Oxacillin is a narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of penicillin class which is used to treat…

Q: What is selective toxicity in the context of antibiotic chemotherapy? Support your answer with…

A: Introduction :- Antimicrobial chemotherapy is used to treat infectious diseases by fighting the…

Q: how does the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in a liposome affect drug encapsulation?

A: Phospholipids are a type of chemical molecule that has a hydrophilic head composed of a phosphate…

Q: Spectrum of activity describes how many species of microbes a drug works against. Broad-spectrum…

A: Antibiotics are the secondary metabolites obtained from a group of microbes to inhibit the action of…

Q: What are Targeted drug delivery systems ? Please explain the ideal properties of Targeted drug…

A: A drug is a molecule which might resemble a organic molecule inside the body or an exogenous…

Q: What is the relationship between the zone of inhibition and antibiotic concentration and what is the…

A: The zone of inhibition is a circular area around the spot of the antibiotic in which the bacteria…

Q: When using combination antibiotic therapy, it is important to administer drugs that work…

A: Antibiotic synergism It is the combination of antibiotics to enhance the activity in which two or…

Q: If you have 4 compounds and you test them for antimicrobial activity using a disk diffusion assay…

A: The disk diffusion assay is a culture based microbiology assay to determine the susceptibility of…

Q: Please write the Drug Discovery process  of Losartan?  Please write at your own words.

A: Losartan is a antihypertensive drug which was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The…

Q: Why is Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) ideal for antibiotic susceptibility testing

A: MHA(Mueller Hinton Agar) was developed by Mueller and Hinton in 1941. It is used to test antibiotic…

Q: For each of the following antibiotics, identify its mechanism of action. Antibiotic  Mechanism of…

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that are effective against microorganisms.

Q: isolating a suspected agent in a sick individual that is absent in a healthy individual is…

A: Answer: Introduction: Robert Koch is a German Physician established four postulates for causative…