
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Assignment 01
1. The gene encoding the E. coli. enzyme ß-galactosidase begins with the sequence
ATGACCATGATTACG. What is the sequence of the RNA transcript specified by this
part of gene?
2. If the splicing of mRNA in a vertebrate cell is blocked, the rRNA modification reactions
are also blocked. Suggest a reason for this.
Original TTGACAT 15 to 17 bp TATAAT
Mutant TATAAT 15 to 17 bp TTGACAT
3. A researcher was mutating prokaryotic cells by inserting segments of DNA. In this
way, she made the following mutation:
A. What does this sequence represent?
B. What do you predict will be the effect of such a mutation? Explain.
4. What is the primary function of the sigma factor? Is there a protein in eukaryotes
analogous to the sigma factor?
5. The human ß-globin polypeptide is 146 amino acids long. How long is the coding
portion of the human ß-globin mRNA?
6. An E. coli gene has been isolated and shown to be 68 nm long. What is the maximum
number of amino acids that this gene could encode?
7. For several decades, the dogma in biology has been that molecular reactions in living
cells are catalyzed by enzymes composed of polypeptides. We now know that the
introns of some precursor RNA molecules such as the rRNA precursors in
Tetrahymena are removed auto catalytically (“self-spliced”) with no involvement of
any catalytic protein. What does the demonstration of auto- catalytic splicing indicate
about the dogma that biological reactions are always catalyzed by proteinaceous
enzymes?
8. List three ways in which the mRNAs of eukaryotes differ from the mRNAs of
prokaryotes.
9. The primary transcript or pre-mRNA of a nuclear gene in a chimpanzee has the
sequence:
5' -G-exon 1-AGGUAAGC-intron-CAGUC-exon 2-A-3' After the intron has
been excised, what is the most likely sequence of the mRNA?
10. A human B-globin gene has been purified and inserted into a linear bacteriophage
lambda chromosome, producing the following DNA molecule:

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Microsoft Word - Assignment 02.docx
Assignment 02
1. Groups of alleles associated with the lactose operon are as follows (in order of
dominance for each allelic series): repressor, IS (superrepressor), I *(inducible), and
I "(constitutive); operator, OC (constitutive, cis dominant) and 0+ (inducible, cis-
dominant); structural, Z and Y.
(a) Which of the following genotypes will produce B-galactosidase and B-galactoside
permease if lactose is present: (1) 1*0* Z* Y*, (2) 1 *OCZ+ Y+, (3) OCZ+ Y+, (4) IS O+ Z+
Y+, and (5) 10+ Z+Y+?
(b) Which of the above genotypes will produce ß-galactosidase and ß-galactoside
permease if lactose is absent? Why?
2. By what mechanism does the presence of tryptophan in the medium in which E. coli
cells are growing result in premature termination or attenuation of transcription of
the trp operon?
3. Suppose that you used site-specific mutagenesis to modify the trpL sequence such
that the two UGG Trp codons at positions 54-56 and 57-60 in the mRNA leader
sequence were changed to GGG Gly codons. Will attenuation of the trp operon still be
regulated by the presence or absence of tryptophan in the medium in which the E. coli
cells are growing?
4. Would attenuation of the type that regulates the level of trp transcripts in E. coli be
likely to occur in eukaryotic organisms?
5. Is the CAP-CAMP effect on the transcription of the lac operon an example of positive
or negative regulation? Why?
6. Would it be possible to isolate E. coli mutants in which the transcription of the lac
operon is not sensitive to catabolite repression? If so, in what genes might the
mutations be located?
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