The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called lymphokines that serve as autocrine regulators of the immune system. a. Identify any five (5) lymphokines and explain their functions. b. Briefly state a function for each of the following immune cells.  Monocytes  Mast Cells  B Lymphocytes  Cytotoxic, T Lymphocytes  Helper T Lymphocytes

The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called lymphokines that serve as autocrine regulators of the immune system. a. Identify any five (5) lymphokines and explain their functions. b. Briefly state a function for each of the following immune cells.  Monocytes  Mast Cells  B Lymphocytes  Cytotoxic, T Lymphocytes  Helper T Lymphocytes

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8QP: The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Identify the components of...

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B lymphocytes, the precursors of plasma cells, are triggered to proliferate by the binding of multivalent antigens to receptors on their surfaces. The cellsurface receptors are transmembrane immunoglobulins. Univalent antigens, in contrast, do not activate B cells. (a) What do these findings reveal about the mechanism of B-cell activation? (b) How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?
. A) What is the significance of producing monoclonal antibodies? B) What is the role of cell culture in production of monoclonal antibodies? C) Name and briefly explain the use of any 4 commercially available monoclonal antibodies.
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.
Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills,and body aches:- a. What part of the immune response is likely producing these symptoms? b. You order blood work and find that the number of neutrophils in the blood is greatly elevated. What does this tell you about the likely type of pathogen involved? Explain. c. What might it mean if lymphocytes instead of neutrophils were elevated? Explain your reasoning
A T lymphocyte activated in the GALT will subsequently home to all of the following except _____. (Select all that apply.) a. mucosal lymphoid tissues of lactating mammary glands b. the spleen c. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract d. systemic lymph nodes e. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract f. lymphoid tissues of the skin.
a. Explain why most immune reactions result in a polyclonalcollection of antibodies.b. How do monoclonal antibodies differ from this?c. Describe several applications of monoclonals in medicine.
T cells can differentiate into 5 different subsets of helper T cells. Answer the following questions for TH1 cells: A) In general, list three unique factors that differentiate the TH1 subset from the other subsets. B) For each of those factors identified in A, provide one specific example that applies to TH1 cells. C) What type of pathogens are targeted by the TH1 cells?
Select all of the following statetments that apply to immunological memory: A. A small population of plasma cells secrete pathogen-specific antibody long after pathogen clearance from the body. B. Memory T cells and memory B cells originate in secondary lymphoid tissue through colonal expansion. C. Memory T cells are produced during secondary immune responses, but not during primary immune responses. D. During a primary immune response, effector B cells outnumber memory cells. E. protective immunity persists for the same period regardless of the type of pathogen F. Memory B cells generated in secondary immune responses are more effective than memory B cells made in primary immune responses because of affinity maturation
A. In table form, differentiate Primary from Secondary Immune Response according to the ff. a. type of Ig b. action of memory cells c. amount and speed of antibody production d. recognition phase e. timing of exposure B. In table form, differentiate Cell mediated from Antibody mediated (humoral) Immunity according to type of cells involved and product form C. Enumerate 5 lab tests/procedures done to obtain/identify Lymphocytes. Then briefly discuss one.
B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________. A) B cell-receptors are immunoglobulins similar to those that are secreted, whereas T cell-receptors are not immunoglobulins and are never secreted B) T cell-receptors are much smaller than B cell-receptors C) All of the choices reflect differences between B cell- and T cell-receptors. D) B cell-receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell-receptors are made up of two polypeptides
Which of the choices is required to activate a helper T cell, which in turn can stimulate antibody production by B cells? A)An antibody displayed by a major histocompatibility complex protein B)A major histocompatibility complex protein alone C)An antigen displayed by a major histocompatibility complex protein D)An antigen alone
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.