Butterfly wings. Researchers studied the morphological attributes of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that undertakes large seasonal migrations over North America. They measured the forewing weight (in milligrams, mg) of a sample of 92 monarch butterflies, all of which had been reared in captivity in identical conditions.° Figure 17.4 shows the output from the statistical software JMP. (The data are also available in the Large.Butterfly the data file if you wish to practice working with your own software.) Estimate with 95% confidence the mean forewing weight of monarch butterflies reared in captivity. Follow the four- step process as illustrated in Example 17.2. STEP そIMP 回X FWweight 30 - 25 20 10 5 8 9. 10 11 12 13 14 15 Summary Statistics Мean 11.795652 Std Dev 1.1759413 Std Err Mean 0.1226004 1 FIGURE 17.4 Software output (JMP) f forewing weight of mona butterflies. Upper 95% Mean Lower 95% Mean 12.039183 11.552122 92 Count
Family of Curves
A family of curves is a group of curves that are each described by a parametrization in which one or more variables are parameters. In general, the parameters have more complexity on the assembly of the curve than an ordinary linear transformation. These families appear commonly in the solution of differential equations. When a constant of integration is added, it is normally modified algebraically until it no longer replicates a plain linear transformation. The order of a differential equation depends on how many uncertain variables appear in the corresponding curve. The order of the differential equation acquired is two if two unknown variables exist in an equation belonging to this family.
XZ Plane
In order to understand XZ plane, it's helpful to understand two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces. To plot a point on a plane, two numbers are needed, and these two numbers in the plane can be represented as an ordered pair (a,b) where a and b are real numbers and a is the horizontal coordinate and b is the vertical coordinate. This type of plane is called two-dimensional and it contains two perpendicular axes, the horizontal axis, and the vertical axis.
Euclidean Geometry
Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with flat surfaces like lines, angles, points, two-dimensional figures, etc. In Euclidean geometry, one studies the geometrical shapes that rely on different theorems and axioms. This (pure mathematics) geometry was introduced by the Greek mathematician Euclid, and that is why it is called Euclidean geometry. Euclid explained this in his book named 'elements'. Euclid's method in Euclidean geometry involves handling a small group of innately captivate axioms and incorporating many of these other propositions. The elements written by Euclid are the fundamentals for the study of geometry from a modern mathematical perspective. Elements comprise Euclidean theories, postulates, axioms, construction, and mathematical proofs of propositions.
Lines and Angles
In a two-dimensional plane, a line is simply a figure that joins two points. Usually, lines are used for presenting objects that are straight in shape and have minimal depth or width.
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