Calculate the relative rates of hydration of propene. (Hint: Divide the rate constant by the smallest rate constant of the series: 3.51 x 10-.) Express your answer using three significant figures.
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- The reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol, inorganic solvent, to produce an ester and water is commonlydone in the pharmaceutical industry. This reactionis catalyzed by strong acid (usually H2SO4). A simpleexample is the reaction of acetic acid with ethyl alcoholto produce ethyl acetate and water: CH3COOH(solv) + CH3CH2OH(solv) ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3(solv) + H2O(solv) where “(solv)” indicates that all reactants and products arein solution but not an aqueous solution. The equilibriumconstant for this reaction at 55 °C is 6.68. A pharmaceuticalchemist makes up 15.0 L of a solution that is initially0.275 M in acetic acid and 3.85 M in ethanol. At equilibrium,how many grams of ethyl acetate are formed?This is the type of organic reaction wherein a single reactant splits into two products and is accompanied by the formation of a small molecule. addition substitution elimination condensation What is the name of the angle that a nucleophile approaches the carbon on the C=O bond? Borge-Dante Bürgi–Dunitz Baran-Daly Bunsen-DebyeFollowing is an equation for iodination of toluene. This reaction does not take place. All that happens under experimental conditions for the formation of radicals is initiation to form iodine radicals, I , followed by termination to reform I2. How do you account for these observations?
- The second-order rate constant (in units of M-1s-1) for acid-catalyzed hydration at 25 °C is given for each of the following alkenes: a.Calculate the relative rates of hydration of the alkenes. (Hint: Divide each rate constant by the smallest rate constant of the series: 3.51 x 10-8.) b. Why does (Z)-2-butene react faster than (E)-2-butene? c. Why does 2-methyl-2-butene react faster than (Z)-2-butene? d. Why does 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene react faster than 2-methyl-2-butene?Predict the products and mechanisms of the following reactions. When more than oneproduct or mechanism is possible, explain which are most likely. ) 1@bromo@1@methylcyclopentane + NaOEt in ethanolFor the alkene below, write the structures of the products of its reaction and mechanism for each of the following: 1) Reaction with H2 and a Pd catalyst 2) Reaction with Br2 3) Reaction with HBr
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - PERICYCLIC REACTIONS Indicate the products, no need to design the mechanisms.Under milder temperatures than what is needed for dehydration, strong acids catalyze the self-condensation of 1-propyl alcohol to give di-n-propyl ether. The mechanism differs from that of today's reaction in that the protonated alcohol undergoes an Sn2 rather than an Sn1 reaction. Write the mechanism for the acid catalyzed condensation of ethyl alcohol to give diethyl ether. Make sure the mechanism includes protonation, Sn2, and deprotonation.Predict the products and mechanisms of the following reactions. When more than oneproduct or mechanism is possible, explain which are most likely. 2-chloro-2-methylbutane + NaOCH2CH3 in ethanol
- The rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction of two molecules of glycine ethyl ester to form glycylglycine ethyl ester is 0.6 M-1s-1. In the presence of Co2+, the rate constant is 1.5 x 106 M-1s-1. What rate enhancement does the catalyst provide?9- Give one example for the hydration of Alkene: That is the Addition of H2O by oxymercuration. Give the proper Mechanism if possible. 10- Give one example for the hydration of Alkenes: that is: the addition of H2O by Hydroboration.[Rh(PPh3)3Cl] is a precatalyst that can be activated by dissociation of a phosphine ligand to form an active catalyst, B, which is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes. The active catalyst can then undergo oxidative addition in the presence of H2 to form complex C. Propene coordinates to C to form complex D, which then undergoes a 1,2- insertion step to form E. Reductive elimination of propane from E regenerates the active catalyst B. Draw complexes B – E and hence provide a full catalytic cycle, including the activation step, for the hydrogenation of propene