Charged Particle Concentration (mM) Inside Concentration (mM) Outside Na 15 150 K- 150 A- 100 Based on the total concentration of charge on each side of the cell, the outside of the cell has positive charge than the inside of the cell. Remember that ions are electrically attracted to particles of opposite charge and are repelled by particles of the same charge. By electrical attraction alone, in what direction would K- tend to move if movement were possible? By diffusion alone, in what direction would K- ions tend to move if movement were possible? If a gated K- channel in the membrane opened up, in what direction would K move? O Depends on the relative strengths of diffusion and electrical attraction O Into the cell O Out of the cell The tendency of K ions to move across the plasma membrane depends on the

Charged Particle Concentration (mM) Inside Concentration (mM) Outside Na 15 150 K- 150 A- 100 Based on the total concentration of charge on each side of the cell, the outside of the cell has positive charge than the inside of the cell. Remember that ions are electrically attracted to particles of opposite charge and are repelled by particles of the same charge. By electrical attraction alone, in what direction would K- tend to move if movement were possible? By diffusion alone, in what direction would K- ions tend to move if movement were possible? If a gated K- channel in the membrane opened up, in what direction would K move? O Depends on the relative strengths of diffusion and electrical attraction O Into the cell O Out of the cell The tendency of K ions to move across the plasma membrane depends on the

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7UC: Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane...

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One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?
Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.
The equilibrium potential for a given ion (Eion) is a theoretical value. For a given concentration gradient of an ion, the equilibrium potential is the charge inside the cell required to hold an ion at that concentration. That is, it is the charge required to perfectly oppose the drive of the ion to move down its concentration gradient. So, if the concentration of Nat is higher outside the cell than inside, its equilibrium potential (ENa) must be I and if we add more sodium to the extracellular fluid, then ENa will II.
You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ions
An analog of cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP, will permeate cellular membranes, is only slowly degraded by a rod cell’s PDE activity, and is as effective as cGMP in opening the gated channel in the cell’s outer segment. If you suspended rod cells in a buffer containing a relatively high [8-Br-cGMP], then illuminatedthe cells while measuring their membrane potential, what would you observe?
The reason that resting membrane potential (RMP) is closer to the equilibrium potential of K+ (EK) rather than that of Na+ (ENa) is that… Group of answer choices -The driving force for Na+ ions at rest is high. -The membrane is much more permeable to Na+ ions than K+ ions at rest. -Only K+ ions have a concentration gradient, Na+ ions have approximately equal intracellular and extracellular concentrations -The membrane is much more permeable to K+ ions than Na+ ions at rest.
For most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?
What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a region (left) where the concentration is 50 micromolar to a region (right) where the concentration is 50 micromolar? A membrane potential of 60 mV exists across the membrane where the right side is more negative than the left side. The temperature is 25 C.
If a cell with the following ion concentrations had a resting membrane potential of -40mV which of the following can you conclude? Extracellular: Cl- = 110 mM, Na+ = 145 mM, K+ = 5mM. Intracellular Cl- = 20 mM, Na+ = 10 mM, K+ = 140mM a) At rest it is only permeable to potassium b) At rest it has some permeability to more than one of these ions c) At rest it is only permeable to chloride d) Rest it is not permeable to sodium
if an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potential
Chloride ions (Cl-) behave a bit differently to Na+ and K+ in that most cells don't have active Cl- transporters. As a result, the concentration gradient for Cl- is not 'set' like it is for Na+ and K+. There are, however, a limited number of Cl- leak channels in the cell membrane. As a result, Eci generally matches resting membrane potential - around - 70mV. Considering this, answer the following questions. If Cl- can cross the cell membrane, is not being actively transported, and membrane potential is -70mV, will there be a concentration gradient for Cl-?