Cheaters, scope of inference: Exercise 1.5 introduces a study where researchers studying the relationship between honesty, age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15. The researchers asked each child to toss a fair coin in private and to record the outcome (white or black) on a paper sheet, and said they would only reward children who report white. Half the students were explicitly told not to cheat and the others were not given any explicit instructions. Differences were observed in the cheating rates in the instruction and no instruction groups, as well as some differences across children's characteristics within each group. a) Identify the population of interest in the study. b) Identify the sample for this study. c) Can the results of the study can be generalized to the population? Should the findings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.

A psychologist wants to know whether viewing more violent TV shows affects aggressive behavior. 12 children were chosen at random for an experiment and randomly allocated to one of two conditions. In condition 1, six kids were given an aggressive behavior test. The more aggressive the conduct, the higher the score. In condition 2, six children were given the identical test after watching two hours of tv shows. The following results were obtained.   Condition 1 5 14 6 8 7 6 Condition 2 12 14 14 8 15 9   Assume the obtained value of the appropriate statistic is t obt = -2.431, using α = 0.05, 2 tail, and t crit = +2.228 and -2.228, what do you conclude?   a. retain null hypothesis, suggesting that violent TV show does not affect aggression.   b. reject null hypothesis, suggesting that violent TV show affects aggression.

How many subjects in the "patch only" group would you expect not to quit

The authors of a research article were interested in the effect on female viewers of watching movies in which female heroines were portrayed in roles that focus on their sex appeal. They carried out an experiment in which female college students were assigned at random to one of two experimental groups. The 24 women in one group watched 13 minutes of scenes from a certain superhero film series and then responded to a questionnaire designed to measure body esteem. Lower scores on this measure correspond to lower body satisfaction. The 29 women in the other group (the control group) did not watch any video prior to responding to the questionnaire measuring body esteem. For the women who watched the video, the mean body esteem score was 4.44 and the standard deviation was 1.02. For the women in the control group, the mean body esteem score was 5.07 and the standard deviation was 0.96. For purposes of this exercise, you may assume that the distribution of body esteem scores for each of the…