Classify the conditions given as indicating that a reaction is at equilibrium, is not at equilibrium, or that the conditions may occur in either state. At equilibrium Not at equilibrium May or may not be at equilibrium Answer Bank The products and reactants have equal concentrations. The concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants. The concentrations of products and reactants are constant. The forward reaction is occurring at a very slow rate. The concentration of reactants is slowly increasing. The forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates.

Classify the conditions given as indicating that a reaction is at equilibrium, is not at equilibrium, or that the conditions may occur in either state. At equilibrium Not at equilibrium May or may not be at equilibrium Answer Bank The products and reactants have equal concentrations. The concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants. The concentrations of products and reactants are constant. The forward reaction is occurring at a very slow rate. The concentration of reactants is slowly increasing. The forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter9: Chemical Reactions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.88EP: For the generalized chemical reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g) determine whether the concentration of D in...

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Explain that equilibrium is dynamic, and that at equilibrium the forward and backward reaction rates are equal.
Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of the equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq)AgCl(s); some Ag+ is removed. b. 2HI(g)+heatH2(g)+I2(g); the system is heated. c. 6Cu(s)+N2(g)+heat2Cu3N(s); the system is cooled and some N2 is removed.
Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. 2A+B+heatC; some A is removed. b. 2A+B+heatC+D; the system is cooled. c. N2O42NO2; some NO2 is removed.
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.
. For the reaction system C(s)+H2O(g)H2(g)+CO(g)which has already reached a state of equilibrium, predict the effect that each of the following changes will have on the position of the equilibrium. Tell whether the equilibrium will shift to the right, will shift to the left, or will not be affected. a. The pressure of hydrogen is increased by injecting an additional mole of hydrogen gas into the reaction vessel. b. Carbon monoxide gas is removed as it forms by use of a chemical absorbent or “scrubber.” c. An additional amount of solid carbon is added to the reaction vessel.
Tell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established. a. LiOH(s)+CO2(g)LiHCO3(s)+heat; CO2 is removed. b. 2NaHCO3(s)+heatNa2O(s)+2CO2(g)+H2O(g); The system is cooled. c. CaCO3(s)+heatCaO(s)+CO2(g); The system is cooled.
For the generalized chemical reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g) determine whether the concentration of D in an equilibrium mixture will (1) increase, (2) decrease, or (3) not change when each of the following changes is effected. a. concentration of A is increased b. concentration of B is decreased c. concentration of C is increased d. concentration of C is decreased