just need part d answerd 23.2 Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles. An aerosolized vaccine for measles wwas(pages 530 and 532).processdeveloped in Mexico and has been used on more than 4 million children since1980, Aerosolized vaccines have the advantages of being able to be administeredby people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infections. Despite these advantages, data about efficacy of the aerosolized vaccinesagainst measles compared to subcutaneously injection of the vaccine have beeninconsistent. Because of this, a large randomized controlled study was conductedusing children in India. The primary outcome was an immune response to measlesmeasured 91 days after the treatments. Among the 785 children receiving the sub-cutaneous injection, 743 developed an immune response, while among the 775children receiving the aerosolized vaccine, 662 developed an immune response.(a) Compute the proportion of subjects experiencing the primary outcome forboth the aerosol and injection groups.(b) Can we safely use the large-sample confidence interval for comparing theproportion of children who developed an immune response to measles inthe aerosol and injection groups? Explain.(c) Give a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the propor-tion of children in the aerosol and injection groups who experienced theprimary outcome.(d) The study described is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial intendedto show that the effect of a new treatment, the aerosolized vaccine, is not4worse than the standard treatment by more than a specified margin. Spe-cifically, is the percentage of children who developed an immune responsefor the aerosol treatment more than 5% below the percentage for the sub-cutaneous injected vaccine? The five-percentage-point difference was basedon previous studies and the fact that with a bigger difference the aerosol-ized vaccine would not provide the levels of protection necessary to achieveherd immunity. Using your answer in part (c), do you feel the investigatorsdemonstrated the noninferiority of the aerosolized vaccine? Explain.

It is given that: For subcutaneous injection, x1=743 n1=785 For aerosolized vaccine, x2=662 n2=775

(d) The study described is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial intended to show that the effect of a new treatment, the aerosolized vaccine, is not worse than the standard treatment by more than a specified margin.* Spe- cifically, is the percentage of children who developed an immune response for the aerosol treatment more than 5% below the percentage for the sub- cutaneous injected vaccine? The five-percentage-point difference was based on previous studies and the fact that with a bigger difference the aerosol- ized vaccine would not provide the levels of protection necessary to achieve herd immunity. Using your answer in part (c), do you feel the investigators demonstrated the noninferiority of the aerosolized vaccine? Explain.

(d) The study described is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial intended to show that the effect of a new treatment, the aerosolized vaccine, is not worse than the standard treatment by more than a specified margin.* Spe- cifically, is the percentage of children who developed an immune response for the aerosol treatment more than 5% below the percentage for the sub- cutaneous injected vaccine? The five-percentage-point difference was based on previous studies and the fact that with a bigger difference the aerosol- ized vaccine would not provide the levels of protection necessary to achieve herd immunity. Using your answer in part (c), do you feel the investigators demonstrated the noninferiority of the aerosolized vaccine? Explain.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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