damage to which spinal nerve might produce the following physical findings? a- inability to extend the forearm and hand......................................... b- inability to breathe............................................

Ruby has sustained damage to the ventral root, which is just next to the spinal cord at the level of the lumbar enlargement. When Ruby accidentally steps on some broken glass, what outcome do you expect?   a)  Ruby will remove her foot from the glass by reflex and will later become aware of the pain   b)  Ruby will feel the pain but not have a reflex removal of the foot from the broken glass   c)  Ruby will remove the foot from the broken glass by reflex but will not be aware that she has stood on the glass   d)  Ruby will not be aware that she has stood on the glass and will not move her foot

You have a dental carie (a cavity) in your lower left second molar. Your dentist injects an anesthetic, novocaine, to eliminate any possible pain during treatment. Which cranial nerve is affected by the novocaine? Explain.

1) Motor information exits the spinal cord through the: a) anterior column. b) posterior column. c) anterior horn. d) posterior horn.