Define the following terms:a. glycoconjugateb. glycolipidc. proteoglycand. glycoproteine. sugar code

Q: What organelle is associated with the N-glycosylation of the protein?

A: Answer : there are mainly two organelles associated with the N-glycosylation of the protein that are…

Q: Which of the following is a substrate for glycogen synthase? a. UTP-glucose b. Glucose 1-phosphate…

A: Glycogen synthase is a key enzyme in glycogenesis where it converts the glucose residues into…

Q: In Clinical Chemistry, are enzymatic methods for determining glucose, cholesterol, and uric acid…

A: Enzyme is a biomolecule that catalyzes the reaction and increases the rate of reaction by decreasing…

Q: Define the term glycosphingolipid.

A: Glycolipids contain carbohydrate (either monosaccharide or oligosaccharide) covalently attached to…

Q: What molecules can be used to synthesize glucose?

A: Biomolecule, likewise called natural atom, any of various substances that are delivered by cells and…

Q: Define glycosyltransferase enzyme.

A: BASIC INFORMATION  ENZYMES They are the catalyst. They help in accelerating the chemical reaction.…

Q: Which of the following is true about the phosphorylation of proteins? A. Proteins are usually…

A: Protein phosphorylation is a mechanism that helps regulate proteins' function as well as transmit…

Q: The activation of allosteric enzymes leads to: a) dissociation of protomers upon breaking weak…

A: Allostery refers to process whereby a binding event at one site of a biological macromolecule or…

Q: predict the function of the following enzymes: 1. cellulase 2. aspartate aminotranferase

A: Introduction of the two enzymes: i cellulase Cellulase is a naturally occurring enzyme generated by…

Q: _____________ are genetic diseases associated with defects in glycoconjugate synthesis reactions.

A: Our human genome encodes 1 to 2 % of the enzyme, which involves the glycan formation.

Q: Draw the structures of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin.

A: Lipids refer to an organic molecule that is composed of carbon, hydron, and oxygen. It is insoluble…

Q: Briefly discuss the process of glycogen synthesis in step by step

A: Glycogen synthesis , also called glycogenesis is the process by which the liver polymerize excess…

Q: A protease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the peptide bonds of target proteins. How…

A: A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha amino acids…

Q: As a pharmacological researcher, you are tasked discover a drug for a neurodegenerative disease that…

A: In protein misfolding protein molecules attached to the wrong sites thereby, results in the protein…

Q: Explain the pathways for synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules.

A: Gluconeogenesis is considered as the process, in which glucose molecules is synthesized from the…

Q: List the key classes of glycoprotein s , their defining characteristics, and their biological…

A: Proteins with sugar molecules covalently attached to it are called glycoprotein. The characteristics…

Q: Define the relationship between the following terms: glucose, glycogen, glycogenesis,…

A: Glucose is a main monosaccharide that is used buy the cell for metabolic energy (in the form of ATP)…

Q: A mutation that changes an alanine residue in a protein to an isoleucine leads to a loss of…

A: The protein folding property of protein makes a major impact on the functioning of amino acids. The…

Q: Which of the following are not one of the end products of pyrimidine catabolism? (A) NH3 (B) co2…

A: The synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides is one of the important specialized pathways of…

Q: Diagram the cyclization of monosaccharides which leads to the formation of pyran rings

A: Carbohydrates or polysaccharides are long chain polymers composed of monomers known as…

Q: Why would enzymes be found as isozymes?

A: An enzyme is a biocatalyst that helps to increase the rate of a biochemical reaction. The site to…

Q: Must the amino acid residues in the active site be near each other along the polypeptide chain?…

A: The polypeptide chain is considered as the long sequence of amino acids, which exhibits amino acid…

Q: Define the following terms: a. oxidoreductase b. lyase c. ligase d. transferase e. isomerase

A: Enzymes are proteins that convert the substrate to the product. It accelerates the biological…

Q: What is an isoenzyme? Give two examples.

A: All enzymes are protein except Ribozymes which is RNA acting as enzyme.   Enzymes increases the rate…

Q: Name two control mechanisms that play a role in glycogen biosynthesis. Give an example of each.

A: Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis in which glucose molecules are added to the chains…

Q: Which of the following enzyme classes catalyze reactions in which two molecules become covalently…

A: Based on the reaction they catalyse , the enzymes are classified in different…

Q: Define glycoprotein and glycolipid.

A: Glycoprotein : Glycoprotein protein or protein will telling like as attached to amino acid side…

Q: Define the following terms: a. sugar code b. lectin c. glycoform d. glycome e. microheterogeneity

A: Glycoproteins are the proteins that are attracted to a sugar moiety majorly oligosaccharide. These…

Q: Define the following terms: a. adenylate cyclase b. Gαs c. Gβγ d. PKA e. CRE

A: All are used in biochemical cell signaling.

Q: are genetic diseases associated with defects in glycoconjugate synthesis reactions.

A: A disease is a distinct abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or capacity of all…

Q: Describe the relation between triacylglycerol synthesis and phospholipid synthesis

A: The fatty acids taken in the body have two ways of metabolism- either they get converted into…

Q: Compare the structure of proteoglycans and glycoprotein. How are structural differences related to…

A: They are the carbohydrate unit vary in size and composition

Q: Name four classes of small biomolecules. In what larger biomolecules are they found?

A: Biomolecules are the chemical compounds found in the living cell. they are mainly composed of…

Q: On the given choices what is not part of the multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid synthase?

A: Multi-enzyme complex fatty acid synthase: This is a multi-enzyme complex encoded by the FASN gene…

Q: The activity of a cellular enzyme could be transiently altered by which of the following…

A: Phosphorylation is a process which activates the enzymes in function and leads to activation of…

Q: Explain why phosphorylation is an effective means of regulating the activities of target proteins.

A: Introduction: Phosphorylation is a process of adding a phosphoryl group onto the target molecule and…

Q: In general terms, describe the intracellular processing of a typical glycoprotein that is destined…

A: Glycoproteins are considered as the protein molecules which are attached to the carbohydrate…

Q: what is the major product of the pentose phosphate pathway used in nucleic acid biosynthesis? a)…

A: Pentose phosphate pathway is also called as hexose monophosphate shunt or phosphogluconate pathway.…

Q: Compare the structures of proteoglycans and glycoproteins. How are structural differences related to…

A: Carbohydrates are covalently conjoined by proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates and these are…

Q: Describe the types of enzymatic reactions that occur during the synthesis of N-linked…

A: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrate molecules, which are complex units of monosaccharides, which are…

Q: Define the terms "cofactor" and "coenzyme."

A: A few enzymes function as enzymes by adding another non-protein molecule to them. It is imperative…

Q: How many NTP molecules are required to synthesize glucose from each of the following compounds? (a)…

A: Introduction: Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that creates glucose from carbon substrates…

Q: Which one of the following compounds cannot give rise to the net synthesis of Glucose? a. Lactate b.…

A: Human eats foods and gain energy by breaking down complex sugar in to the simpler form. Glucose is…

Q: Why does the number of chiral carbon atoms in glucose increase when it mutarotates? You may include…

A: Introduction: The term “mutarotation” refers to the observed change in the optical rotation of the…

Q: Briefly discuss the process of glycogen synthesis.

A: The process of glycogen synthesis is called Glycogenesis.

Q: Describe the steps of glycogen synthesis and identify the enzymes required

A: Glycogen synthesis is the process of adding a new glucose molecule to the preexisting glycogen. and…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.