Define the term and describe the autoantibodies presentin SLE.

Q: What two factors determine the percent saturation of a binding site?

A: Percent saturation of a binding site is the percentage of ligand or drug which binds to the binding…

Q: Identify the following by describing their functions: EF-G, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-P, and peptidyl…

A: Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during  protein synthesis,…

Q: What causes the coiling of protein and polynucleic acid molecules?

A: A physical process by which a chain of the polypeptide is translated into its native 3-D structure,…

Q: By increasing the percentage of acrylamide in an SDS-PAGE gel, one will observe the following change…

A: Macromolecules are separated and analyzed by using electrophoresis. Macromolecules get separated on…

Q: Describe the structure of IgG in detail by referring to the different levels of protein structure

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein, which has antigen-binding site, each amino acid has different amino…

Q: Define Capping protein

A: Capping protein is a protein complex and it binds in a calcium-independent manner to the first…

Q: Briefly describe the process of protein making.include the functions of mRNA ,tRNA, and rRNA

A: The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, such as plants and animals, contains DNA. The nucleus is…

Q: List the factors that determine the percent saturation of a binding site?

A: Proteins are known as building blocks of the body. They are made up of long chains of amino acids…

Q: Define the term adenosine triphosphate?

A: Introduction   All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.

Q: Which of the following best represents the amino acid sequence found in normal adults with the HBB…

A: The Hemoglobin beta chain gene consists of code for 146 aminoacid sequences, where each amino acid…

Q: Name the base change and aminoacid change,responisble for sickle-cell anemmia?

A: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which the hemoglobin is structurally deformed.

Q: Describe three outcomes of base substitutions.

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: List the 4 types of protein modification and describe each in 1 sentence

A: Protein modification refer to any change in the chemical composition of proteins following…

Q: The T-state of hemoglobin is favored over the R-state in blood under which of the listed conditions?

A: Introduction: Hemoglobin is the most abundant porphyrin-containing compound in red blood cells…

Q: Discuss protein folding and misfolding. Give two consequences (or examples) of protein misfolding…

A: Proteins are large, complex macromolecules in nature. They are known to perform various functions in…

Q: Upstream binding factor (UBF)

A: Question 26.     There are some nucleotide sequences in the promoter regions of DNA called TATA…

Q: Define the Synthesis of Purine nucleotides from IMP ?

A: Nucleotides can be defined as the molecules which help in the formation of nucleic acids such as DNA…

Q: a. Identify the type of mutation shown below. b. How many amino acids are affected? c. What type of…

A: Ans a. The type of mutation shown below is point mutaion. A point mutation or replacement is a…

Q: Explain how single nucleotide changes can have mostly different effects on protein function.

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: Which disease occurs when homogentisic acid oxidase is defective?

A: Genes contain all information of proteins forms inside the body. It contains genetic information…

Q: Explain the amino–imino forms of cytosine and adenine ?

A: Watson and Crick showed a mechanism for the spontaneous occurrence of transitions. Some of the…

Q: Discuss the general mechanisms by which proteins are precipitated.

A: Proteins are the unbranched heteropolymer of the amino acids. Proteins have different types of…

Q: Identify the type of mutation present in the CDS and discuss the implications on the protein.

A: Mutations are random alteration in the DNA structure which leads to mis-reading of Information on…

Q: What are the steps required to attach ubiquitin to a target protein?

A: Proteins contain amino acid chains. After the synthesis of proteins, they are folded with the help…

Q: Define proteoglycan

A: Extracellular matrix, cell plasma membrane, and intracellular structure include proteoglycans.…

Q: Define about catabolite-activating protein (CAP) ?

A: Certain terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: Match the letter in the diagram with the accumulation or localization of active (or about to be…

A: ARF- ARF stands for ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) members of ARF family GTP binding proteins…

Q: What are siRNAs?

A: The gene is a basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.The gene is a…

Q: Define the following terms: a. adenylate cyclase b. Gαs c. Gβγ d. PKA e. CRE

A: All are used in biochemical cell signaling.

Q: Why were the outcomes so different when reduced ribonuclease was reoxidized in the presence and…

A: Ans: Ribonuclease: These are enzymes which are responsible for degradation of RNA molecules.…

Q: what is a a lysate.?

A:

Q: Explain about Cellular localization of proteins ?

A: Cellular localization of proteins is the process by which proteins are sorted and targeted to…

Q: What is G-banding?

A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…

Q: Why might a protein precipitate when its tag is cleaved?

A: Precipitation of protein occurs because the change in pH or hydrophobicity results in the alteration…

Q: Define adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A: Hydrolysis of ATP gives ADP and Pi. ADP can again be converted into ATP. ATP is a high energy…

Q: What are carrier proteins? Explain its types with example

A: Protein is a macronutrients which is necessary for building of muscle mass.It is commonly present in…

Q: Explain the factors of aminoacylation of Trna?

A: During the first stage of protein synthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases esterify the 20 amino acids…

Q: Explain the genetic alterations resulting in protein synthesis defects and their relationship to…

A: In genetics, the genetic alterations is defined as the abnormalities that is caused due to the…

Q: Explain about Sphingomyelins ?

A: Sphingomyelins are a category of sphingolipids which contain phosphorus and are found predominantly…

Q: Define phosphodiesterase

A: Enzymes are biological molecules that are a class of proteins except for ribozymes (a class of RNA)…

Q: Name the base change and the amino acid change, responsible for sickle cellanaemia.

A: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited diseased condition that is characterized by the conversion of…

Q: What are the penetranceand the expressivity of agene?

A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for a functioning molecule. There is…

Q: What is cisacting site ?

A: cis means " same side". The cis acting site acts as a site of DNA or RNA which helps in regulating…

Q: Which of the following is FALSE with regard to lysozyme?

A: This function is carried out by the immune system. Immunity is divided into innate and adaptive.…

Q: Why would the amount of protein E bound to immobilized heparin fall in the presence of soluble…

A: Protein is a macronutrient that is fundamental for building bulk. It is normally found in creature…

Q: What is the structure of ATCase?

A: Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyses the initial step in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines…

Q: Discuss the potential difficulties of designing a diet to alleviate the symptoms of phenylketonuria.

A: Phenylketonuria is an inborn, autosomal recessive disorder that effects metabolism. The individuals…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.