Describe direct selection and indirect selection of identifying mutants.  What are auxotroph and prototroph?

Q: What are the Rule of Independent Events, the Product Rule, and the Sum Rule. Define single…

A: These rules are used in biology to classify events and explain the difference in various events  SNP…

Q: What three essential criteria must be met in order to execute asuccessful mapping cross?

A: Introduction: A genetic cross is the mating of two individuals with desired characters. The…

Q: What is a molecular marker? Give two examples. Discuss why it isgenerally easier to locate and map…

A: Introduction: Molecular markers are specific DNA segments identifiable among others in the whole…

Q: What is micropropagation? Describe the different in-vitro stages in the micropropagation of any…

A: Plant tissue culture is a technique in plant biotechnology. This technique involves the culturing of…

Q: Which vector is used in the manufacturing of Covishield?

A: The delivery of vaccines require the presence of vector so that the virus can be transferred to the…

Q: Explain the genome-wide association study (GWAS)?

A: GWAS study is important in order to determine common diseases and SNPs(single nucleotide…

Q: What is the difference between DNA extracted from whole blood and buffy coat?

A: Extraction of genomic DNA from whole blood sample has been a very common practice but the…

Q: How does homologous recombination differ from site-specific recombination?

A: Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new…

Q: Name the commonly used vector for trans formation in plant cell?

A: Transgenic crops are those crops that have been genetically modified (GM) to support our needs. The…

Q: Define about auxotroph ?

A: A mutation is a biological process occurring in the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence due to…

Q: What are the important steps in the isolation of pectin from citrus peel?Why each steps are…

A:

Q: what tests can help  to differentiate Pseudomonads aeroginosa, Pseudomonads fluorescents, and…

A: The Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that protects them from various antibiotics. The…

Q: Using blue-white selection, explain how to discriminate against bacteria with self-ligated vectors.…

A: Blue white selection is an efficient technique for the identification of Recombinant bacteria in a…

Q: What does the following vector produce? Be specific.

A: Vector is defined as a DNA molecule that is used as a vehicle to carry foreign genetic material into…

Q: Explain about auxotroph. Define its working ?

A: Auxotroph are microorganisms that are unable to synthesize an essential nutrient because of gene…

Q: Describe the method of pronuclear injection to generate transgenic mice?

A: Transgenic mice are produced by putting DNA in their genome from another source. There are a number…

Q: How is gene Z used as a marker?

A: β-galactosidase, also known as lactase, beta-gal or β-gal, is a glycoside hydrolase  enzyme which…

Q: Describe how you would genetically design a superbug resistant to β-lactams, methicillin,…

A: Superbugs are varieties of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can survive most antibiotics…

Q: What are the components needed for the processes of transformation, conjugation, and transduction?…

A: 1.The genetic transfer in bacteria happens through three major processes.They are:…

Q: What are transgenic Bacteria? Illustrate using any one example?

A: Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s genome for a beneficial outcome. Bacteria,…

Q: Explain how interrupted conjugation, transformation, and transduction can be used to map bacterial…

A: The transfer of genes from one bacterial cell to other by direct contact between the cells of…

Q: What is oncogenic transformation ?

A: Oncogenes are genes which has potential to cause cancer. Under certain circumstances these genes can…

Q: Explain how the analysis of arginine auxotrophs implied that a single gene corresponds to a single…

A: The genes are the components of the genome that direct specific functions in the cell. Their…

Q: Briefly explain how replica plating can identify new bacterial auxotrophs.

A: Replica plating method was first given by lederberg and Lederberg in 1952. It is the technique by…

Q: How does an auxotroph differ from a prototroph in bacteria?

A: Microorganisms display different types of nutrition. Although some bacteria live in symbiotic…

Q: Why is the use of auxotrophy not a good method for controllingthe growth of a genetically modified…

A: Genetically modified organisms are those living organisms which have been genetically modified by…

Q: How can you tell if an individual is heterozygous for the D1S80 marker?

A: The term heterozygous variant belongs to a subdivision of biology, genetics. Genetics is the study…

Q: What is Auxotroph and Prototroph?

A: Microorganisms are microscopic organisms, which are unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters.…

Q: Time mapping is performed in a cross involving the genes his,leu, mal, and xyl. The recipient cells…

A: Conjugation occurs between two dimorphic bacteria where one is a donor and the other is a recipient.…

Q: Time mapping is performed in a cross involving the genes his, leu, mal, and xyl. The recipient cells…

A: KEY WORDS :- Gene - It is a pattern or unit which can be transferred from one generation to another.

Q: What are the different vectors available to conduct plant genetic transformation?

A: Vectors for plant genetic transformation.

Q: (a) What do reverse transcriptases do? Give two examples of these and what they do in the cell.…

A: Recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of a transgene into a microorganism. Polymerase…

Q: How rbcL gene distinguish between Japonica cultivars and Indica cultivars?

A: Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene is found inside the chloroplasts of photosynthetic…

Q: What are selectable marker genes ? Explain the role of selectable marker gene ?

A: Seletable marker Genes are present in the plasmid and they are help in selection if…

Q: Distinguish between the kinds of mutants that can be isolated by direct and indirect selection.

A: In genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character occurring or resulting from the…

Q: In plant and animal genomic transmission level, what particular phenetic variants are likely…

A: Phenetic refers to classification of organisms based upon the similarities present in them for…

Q: How do positive and negative selection techniques contribute to the development of GM crops?

A: GM crops are the crops that are modified genetically. Positive and negative selection techniques are…

Q: In a particular species, the gene for the kappa light chain has 200 V segments and 4 J segments. In…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: How does an auxotroph differ from a prototroph?

A: Microorganisms grow on different nutrient sources. Some are adapted to grow well in both the minimal…

Q: What is the use of Cross-tolerance?

A: The bulk of criminal cases investigated by forensic science laboratories include illicit narcotics.…

Q: how is FISH assay related to karyotype?

A: Introduction: Karyotype:A karyotype is the set of chromosomes found in a species' nucleus. It…

Q: What are the implications of mutation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a pathogenic strain

A: Introduction P. aeruginosa is a pathogen known to cause severe diseases in a variety of hosts. It…

Q: Could you perform the Ames test with a strain of bacteria that was auxotrophic for something other…

A: Ames test is a test used for the determination of the mutagenicity of a chemical compound. It was…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.