Describe how transcription would be affected in the Galactose metabolizing pathway in Yeast in the presence of the following mutations. 1. A mutation that resulted in an inability of Gal80 to enter the nucleus. 2. A mutation that resulted in a lack of ability of Gal3 to bind galactose.

Q: Why does the adenosine derivative cordycepin inhibit RNA synthesis and how does this support the…

A: The process of transcription involves the synthesis of RNA by DNA dependent RNA Polymerase.

Q: The genes that encode the enzymes for arginine biosynthesis are located at several positions around…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present on a chromosome. It is the region that encodes the…

Q: Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…

A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error occurs in a single base. It is also…

Q: In the galactose operon of E. coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an operator…

A: The galactose operon of E.coli is called as gal operon. This operon consists of 4 structural genes.…

Q: Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription. Promoter…

A: Introduction Promoter are the consensus sequences found either upstream or partially downstream of…

Q: The gene for triose phosphate isomerase in maize (a corn plant) spans over 3400 base pairs of DNA…

A: The post-transcriptional modifications are observed during the processing of other transcripts which…

Q: Explain why (a) inactivation of the O2 or O3 sequence of the lac operon causes only a twofold loss…

A: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and also…

Q: Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT boxes with consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT…

A: The CAAT box is popularly known as a core promoter or basal promoter or simply the  Promoter. It is…

Q: The following question refers to the transcriptional control of the Gal7 locus in Saccramyces…

A: "Genes" are the fundamental unit of heredity. They store genetic information in the form of DNA,…

Q: The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces…

A: TATA box is a DNA sequence of 5'-TATAAA-3' that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and…

Q: Describe how mature messenger ribonucleic acids (MRNAS) are post-transcriptionally processed in the…

A: Post transcription modification occurs in eukaryotes. Transcription makes pre -mRNA that must be…

Q: Histone methylation can have many different effects on gene expression. In some cases, histone…

A: Expression of gene is highly under control by various mechanisms such as histone modification which…

Q: What event in eukaryotes serves as the "trigger" for entering the elongation phase of transcription…

A: Transcription occurs in the three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination. The elongation…

Q: A series of exonuclease deletions were used to study the promoter of the rice hemA gene, giving the…

A: A promoter can be defined as a DNA sequence where proteins bind and initiate transcription of an…

Q: How does the binding of the trp corepressor and the lac inducer to their respective repressor…

A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: one promoter can regulate the expression of different polypeptides (proteins) in both prokaryotes…

A: Promoter sequences are DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase…

Q: You have isolated two different mutants (reg1 and reg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu…

A: A constitutive mutation causes the continuous production of the gene product. It means in this…

Q: The Dscam locus in Drosophila melanogaster has 24 exons. Four of these exons are able to undergo…

A: Alternative splicing results in several products being made from one chromosome. In higher…

Q: In the galactose operon of Escherichia coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an…

A: Galactose operon or gal operon refers to an operon in prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli…

Q: Select the following descriptions of gene transcription regulation in eukaryotes that are…

A: * Post translational modification are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins that follows…

Q: For each of the 4 regulatory states of the lac operon shown in the following diagram, answer the…

A: Genes active in lactose synthesis are found in E. coli's lac operon. When lactose is present but…

Q: Geneticists often use ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a…

A: Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) : It is a mutagenic, teratogenic and possibly carcinogenic organic…

Q: Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6) 4.2.…

A: RNA polymerase is a main enzyme responsible for the the transcription of RNA by coding complementary…

Q: Gal 4 is involved in the regulation of galactose metabolism. Describe how transcription would be…

A: Galactose is a common sugar in human diets. As a result, an epimerization reaction is needed for…

Q: A mutant has no activity for the enzyme isocitrate lyase.Does this result prove that the mutation is…

A: Isocitrate lyase is an enzyme in the glycoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to…

Q: The E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition…

A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine. It is also found in the gut of…

Q: What analogies can you draw between transcriptionaltrans-acting factors that activate gene…

A: Introduction Bacteria are common, largely free-living organisms that are often made up of only one…

Q: The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces…

A: The transcription process involves the synthesis of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) transcripts…

Q: Explain the two major ways in which transcription is repressed in eukaryotes

A: Transcriptional repressors are actually proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA. Their binding…

Q: The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces…

A: The process of transformation of information from the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the molecule…

Q: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes   a.Promote initiation of translation. b.Complex with…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: Eukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an  N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′…

A: Post transcriptional capping refers to the attachment of an enzymatically appended cap on the 5'…

Q: Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the…

A: The mutation is defined as the change in a sequence of DNA. It will occur when a gene of DNA is…

Q: You are studying the regulation of a bacterial gene (TolU) that encodes an enzyme that is necessary…

A: First, let's start with a definition. Promoter: It is the sequence of DNA that is required to turn…

Q: Identify the DNA elements and protein factors, #1- 7, in the figure below that are involved in the…

A: Central Dogma =  According to the central DNA is converted to RNA (transcription) and RNA to protein…

Q: Eukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an  N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′…

A: The capping of mRNA is a mechanism that prevents the mRNA strand from being degraded by exonucleases…

Q: For the ovalbumin gene shown, indicate the locations of the following: (a) transcription start site,…

A: The transcription start site is the site on the DNA from which the first RNA nucleotide (+1) is…

Q: Is it possible to induce the protein expression of a yeast gene from a prokaryotic expression vector…

A: Yes this is possible... First we isolate the yeast species which are needed for protein expression.…

Q: Human growth hormone (hGH) activates expression of the PIND gene in NIH3T3 cells by inducing binding…

A: The hGH (human growth hormone) act as a transcription factor in NIH3T3 cells. It activates the…

Q: Eukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an  N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′…

A: Post transcriptional modification in Eukaryotic mRNA occurs by its enzymatic caping. The capping of…

Q: For RNA Plymerase type two generated transcripts in eukaryotes, how polyadenylation is linked with…

A: The poly-A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation. Additionally, the…

Q: Describe the major mechanisms that allow eukaryotic genes to have transcription states that range…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of a sequence of messenger RNA using DNA as a template and…

Q: Assume that there is a double stranded break on DNA double helix of an eukaryotic cell due to X-ray…

A: The maintenance of the integrity of information in DNA molecule is most important for the survival…

Q: Explain why inactivation of the O1 sequence of the lac operator almost completely abolishes…

A: Lac operon of the bacteria includes the structural genes that code for the enzymes involved in the…

Q: Repressors are inactivated either by interaction with a small-molecule inducer or by proteolytic…

A: Lac Operon operates in bacteria. It allows the expression of proteins responsible for the catabolism…

Q: Are the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs encoded by sequences in the promoter,…

A: The 5′ UTR is located in the first exon of the gene.

Q: . Listed in parts a through g are some mutations that were found in the 5′ UTR of the trp operon of…

A: The bacterial transcription unit containing more than one gene is known as an operon. An operon has…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.