Describe the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylase, adenosinedeaminase, and xanthine oxidase.

Q: Explain how the g-glutamyl cycle acts to transport aminoacids across a membrane. How does the…

A: Gamma-Glutamyl cycle is mainly a glutathione salvage pathway. It is an essential pathway for the…

Q: Consider the following reaction. What is the consequence of the increase of cytosolic CAMP…

A: During fight or flight response, heart rate and blood pressure increases. This means breathing…

Q: Draw in detail the pathway of de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate and provide a brief…

A: First carbamoyl phosphate is synthesized , which then enters the de-novo synthesis pathway for…

Q: Explain how cholesterol synthesis depends on the activity of ATPcitrate lyase.

A: Cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule found in the body. It has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic…

Q: Describe the mechanism of action of lysozyme

A: The antibacterial enzyme lysozyme, also identified as muramidase and N-acetylmuramide…

Q: Define Six suboptimal phosphorylation sites

A: Phosphorylation sites are related to protein synthesis.

Q: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the cancerous white blood cells typically lack the enzyme…

A: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a cancer present in the lymphoid line of blood cells, which is…

Q: Describe how lysine is degraded.

A: The process of lysine degradation takes place in mitochondria.

Q: Demonstrate an understanding of the biochemical structure of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and…

A: ATP is energy molecule used by the cells to perform biological activity. It also called the…

Q: Which Factors alter the cytosolic Ca21 concentration?

A: Answer: Introduction: In contrast to extracellular fluid, cytosol consist of a high concentration of…

Q: Describe how the concentrations of the four deoxyribonucleotides are balanced by ribonucleotide…

A: Introduction: Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a key enzyme that mediates the synthesis of…

Q: Identify the enzyme that controls the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.

A: The pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway to glucose oxidation. It is also called…

Q: Which complex contains Succinate dehydrogenase and what are the roles of thisenzyme?

A: Succinate dehydrogenase is a part of the cellular biochemical machinery for breaking down sugars,…

Q: Identify each reaction catalyzed by (a) a nucdeotidase; (b) a phosphorylase; (c) a…

A: De novo nucleotides are synthesized by the Salvage pathway. The pathway occurs in Kupffer cells,…

Q: How can a person suffering from Adenosine Deaminase deficiency be cured?

A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about how a person suffering from Adenosine Deaminase…

Q: Explain how genetic mutations of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase causing superactivity lead…

A: The overproduction and buildup of uric acid (a waste product of normal chemical processes) in the…

Q: Describe a common feature at the active site of serine proteases and acetyl cholinesterase

A: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (which is a…

Q: After being stabilized with supplemental oxygen, a blood transfusion, and medication to help with…

A: Hydroxyurea: It is a class of antimetabolites.  This class of drug is used to treat cancer. It is a…

Q: hat enzymes are required for the synthesis of a glycogen particle starting from glucose 6-phosphate?

A: Carbohydrates formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are categorized into sugars, starch, and…

Q: How is inosine monophosphate converted to AMP and GMP?

A: Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleotide and an important derivative of inosinic acid include the…

Q: Describe the regulation of cytochrome - C in molecular-level detail. please describe in own words

A: Cytochrome : It is a highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes, and is an essential component…

Q: How is ATCase regulated to generate precisely the amount of pyrimidines needed by the cell?

A: Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first step of pyrimidine synthesis. It converts…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the nitrogenase complex in which N2 is converted to NH3.

A: Nitrogen fixation is the process in which N2 is converted into ammonia. This process occurs through…

Q: Describe the sequence of biochemical events between the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream…

A: Epinephrine: This is an enzyme secreted by the adrenal gland and its major function is to increase…

Q: Explain how glycogen phosphorylase iscontrolled allosterically and by covalent modification.

A: Glycogen is a polymer of glucose monomer and is the principal storage form of carbohydrates. It…

Q: The Hatch–Slack pathway is an alternative name for _____________.

A: Photosynthesis is a biochemical process where light energy is converted into chemical energy in…

Q: The catalytic mechanism of bovine pancreatic RNase A relies upon acid-base catalysis involving the…

A: Bovine pancreatic RNase A catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bond of the RNA.

Q: Explain the regulatory processes of purine synthesis that would result in an increase in the…

A: de novo synthesis of purine begins with simple starting materials such as amino acids and…

Q: How many GTP molecules are produced in the TCA cycle when you start with a fatty acid molecule that…

A: A fatty acid molecule (18 C) produces more amount of ATP (120) when compared with a glucose…

Q: Match the enzyme with the post translational moditication v pyruvate detydrogenase complex a.…

A: Post-translational modification (PTM) are the covalent and enzymatic modification of proteins…

Q: Describe the lengths of the products of the transketolase reaction when the two substrates are both…

A: Introduction: The reaction catalyzed by transketolase and transaldolase are particular yet…

Q: Compare the allosteric regulation of phosphorylase in the liver and in muscle, and explain the…

A: Phosphorylase are enzymes that catalyse the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic…

Q: Tissues that are unable to produce nucleotides de novo depend on ____________________ to maintain an…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. Nucleic acids are one such…

Q: 29. Describe how the glycolytic pathway is linked to the citric acid cycle.

A: The cellular processes occur via stepwise chemical reactions in which these reactions are…

Q: Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of free FADH2 by ubiquinonesufficiently exergonic to…

A: ATP synthesis involves the transfer of electrons from the intermembrane space, through the inner…

Q: Discuss the role of feedback inhibition in the anabolism ofpurine-containing nucleotides.

A: DNA and RNA are two different forms of nucleic acids, which are biological polymers of monomer units…

Q: Define Adenylyl cyclase : cAMP pathway with Diagram

A: A G protein-coupled receptor-triggered signalling cascade used in cell communication is the…

Q: What is the effect of the mutation on succinate-coupled ATP synthesis?

A: Succinate : It is a dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of…

Q: Explain how cholesterol synthesis depends on the activity of ATP-citrate lyase.

A: Cholesterol is an important lipid that is responsible for maintaining membrane fluidity of the…

Q: Name two conditions in which the enzymes involved in the TCA cycle might be inhibited.

A: The TCA cycle is the part of cellular respiration that generates energy via the oxidation of acetate…

Q: Define the following terms: a. HETPP b. nucleoside diphosphate kinase c. amphibolic pathway d.…

A: Introduction: The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that yield two carbon dioxide…

Q: Diagram the connections between the various glycolytic pathways and the TCA cycle

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Explain how the pKa for histidine 57 is important to its role in the mechanism of chymotrypsin…

A: Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme found in pancreatic juice that conducts proteolysis, or the…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.