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- Diagram the investment and release of Energy and Carbonatoms from Glycolysis through the Citric Acid Cycle in
Cellular Respiration . - Diagram how high energy electrons are used to produce ATP in the mitochondrial inner membrane (or bact. plasma mem).
- Using specific examples, explain how Enzymes and ATP participate in Energetic Coupling.
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- Describe how energy charge regulates the rate of the citric acid cycle based on the concentrations of ATP and NADH.Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATPCompare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration. A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation. B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation. C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation. D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.
- How is energy carried from glucose into the mitochondrial electron transport chain? Why is oxygen necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and cellular respiration? Compare and contrast the metabolic fate of pyruvate when oxygen is present or absent.Describe the movement of protons that is caused by the action of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and explain why more ATP can be generated from the addition of NADH to the system as opposed to succinate.Give an overview for the oxidative breakdown of a six-carbon, saturated fatty acid. Decide how the fatty acid enters mitochondria, and write the reaction by which it gets activated. Write the four reactions of the b-oxidation pathway. Indicate in which cellular compartment the reactions take place. Use structural formulas for the reactions except for cofactors, ATP, etc. Name the enzyme for each reaction.
- Explain the relationship between the metabolic pathwayswithin the mitochondria and glycolysis.Tabulate the total number of ATP equivalents that would be produced by the metabolism of the following molecule toCO2 and ATP.Listed are some hypothetical medical conditions, describe their effect on cellular respiration (specifically refer to the effect they will have on energy production). a) A person is unable to take glucose into their cells. b) A mutation occurs in the ATP synthase protein and it is inactive. c) The mitochondrial inner membrane is very permeable to H+.
- Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.Describe the relationships of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in terms of their inputs and outputs.Calculate the amount of ATP that can be produced from one molecule of maltose metabolized aerobically through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.