Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal anergy in B cells.

Q: Explain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.

A: The joining of segments of antibody and T cell receptor (TCR) genes in developing lymphocytes is…

Q: Distinguish between the functions of helper T cells andcytotoxic T cells, and explain the role of…

A: T cells are a piece of the immune framework that centers around explicit unfamiliar particles.…

Q: Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells.

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Explain the difference between clonal deletion and clonal selection;a natural killer cell and a…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Define the role of the Thymus in the immune system.

A: The human body is usually defined to state that they are been made up of several different systems.…

Q: Describe the roles that phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and plasma proteins such as complement…

A: The innate immune response is the primary defense present in all multicellular organisms. This…

Q: The process of removing auto-reactive b and T cells during maturation is called: a. Clonal…

A: Clonal deletion is the removal through apoptosis of B cells and T cells that has expressed…

Q: Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Compare cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

A: Lymphocytes are the main cells in an immune system. They are leukocytes produced in bone marrow and…

Q: Outline the process of B-cell activation against a T-dependent antigen.

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the small lymphocyte…

Q: Describe the primary functions of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells.

A: The immune system is responsible for clearing any infectious particle from the body by the…

Q: Explain the contrasting properties of B Cells and T Cells.

A: There are three types of blood cells present in the human body. The White blood cells consist of…

Q: Compare and  contrast  the production, maturation, activation  and mode of action  of both T  Cells…

A: B-cells and T-cells are additionally called lymphocytes. There are essential and auxiliary lymphoid…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: Describe some ways in which cytotoxic T cells destroytarget cells.

A: Answer- There are many different types of the T- lymphocytes. One of them is Cytotoxic T cells. They…

Q: Explain the difference between a T-cell-dependent and a T-cellindependentresponse.

A: The body recognizes any foreign substances known as an antigen that causes disease and eliminates…

Q: Discuss the events in B-cell and T-cell maturation and how they differ.

A: T cells or thymus cells and B cells or bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells are the major cellular…

Q: What is the difference between a T-cell-dependent and T-cell- independent response?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Describe three ways in which B cells and T cells are similar and atleast five major ways in which…

A: Lymphocytes belong to the category of white blood cells and serve the function of immunity.  As its…

Q: Describe what is assembled on the surface of pre-B cells.

A: Pre B cells are cells in the bone marrow that are progenators of the B cells that are a part of the…

Q: Explain the function of phagocytes and natural killer cells.

A: Step 1 Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defence elements with which an…

Q: interferons and of NK cells in fighting viruses

A: Neutral Killer cells or NK cells are a type of Lymphocyte apart from the very well known T and B…

Q: Describe the relationship between T cell activation and Antigen Presenting Cell.

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: What happens to individuals with defects in regulatory T cells (Treg)?

A: The immune system protects our body from infections caused by foreign molecules. It is so efficient…

Q: Distinguish among the functions of the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3segments of the T cell receptor.

A: Introduction: T cell receptors (TCR) are present on T lymphocytes that are one of the immune cells…

Q: Why are CD8+/αβT-cells important? Explain the function of the mature activated CD8+/αβT-cell and…

A: White blood cells also called leukocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in…

Q: Briefly describe how activated cytotoxic T cells can kill virus-infected cells

A: Cytotoxic T cells  Commonly called CTLs are generated by the activation of T cells of WBC. The…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: Describe the types and functions of T cells

A: Immunity is dependent on the types of cells produced by the immune system of the body. There are a…

Q: List in points the main steps of T-cell production and maturation?

A: main steps of T-cell production and maturation:

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Explain the mechanisms of antibody action and correlate mechanisms with effector functions.

A: Immunology is a branch of science that deals with the aspects of immune reactions, antibody…

Q: In what way does the T cell’s membrane receptors differ from the B cell’s membrane receptor? In…

A: B cells and T cells are lymphocytes (white blood cells) , they are made in bone marrows and work to…

Q: Explain a function for each of the types of T cells (TH, Tc, TR).

A: T cell, additionally called T lymphocyte, sort of leukocyte (white platelet) that is a basic piece…

Q: Illustrate the T-cell developmental process

A: Introduction: The production of leucocytes (white blood cells) is referred to as leucopoiesis. It is…

Q: What kind of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects,and combined defects, and why is this…

A: Primary diseases are congenital and generally originating due to errors in genetic makeup. The…

Q: Describe how MHC proteins display antigens to T cells.

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes play an…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.