distinguish between IS and Tn transposableelements

Q: Describe the cis-acting elements that control tissuespecific transcription of eukaryotic…

A: The transcriptional machinery of eukaryotes consists of two regulatory components, namely the…

Q: E) The regulatory protein that controls expression of the hexose operons is a transcriptional…

A: The regulatory protein that controls expression of the hexose operons is a transcriptional…

Q: Phorbol esters have been observed to induce the transcription of AP-1–influenced genes. Explain how…

A: Signal transduction is a process in which signals from the extracellular level enter the…

Q: Explain the process of pre-mRNA splicing in nuclear genes.

A: Pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) splicing is essential process for the gene expression in…

Q: Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it…

A: An Operon is a unit of structure and function that consists of the clusters of regulatory genes…

Q: Compare and contrast the regulation of Ras with trimeric G proteins

A: Given: Need to compare and contrast the difference between Ras protein with trimeric G protein.

Q: Describe the mechanism by which cAMP receptorprotein (CRP), the regulatory protein for catabolite…

A: Operon is a functional unit of DNA that consists of cluster of genes under control of promoter.…

Q: Describe untranslated regions (UTR).

A: Untranslated region The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product ie the 5'…

Q: describe the actions of the normal and mutated lac operon in absence of lactose

A: The Lac operon is a group of genes with a  single promoter. It takes place in prokaryotes(bacteria).…

Q: These are protein regulators in ER which control the proper folding of newly synthesized or…

A: Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of tubules present in the cytoplasm. It is present in two forms-…

Q: Describe the structure of an operon and state the role ofeach component of the operon.

A: Operon acts as a single regulated unit having one or more structural genes, promoter genes, a…

Q: Both ADA-SCID and type I diabetes are diseases based on lack of a particular protein. Why has the…

A: ADA means Adenosine deaminase deficiency and SCID is severe combined immunodeficiency.  ADA-SCID is…

Q: Describe briefly the generation of the active form of the transcription factor NFAT. Include the…

A: Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a Ca 2+/calcineurin-regulated…

Q: Define SCF-proteasomedegrades phosphorylatedS phase CDK inhibitor

A: Misregulation of any aspect of the cell cycle may lead to developmental defects and diseases such as…

Q: Describe the organization of sequences within different types of transposable elements.

A: Transposable elements are the sequences in the genome that can move within the genome from one…

Q: Explain how glucose represses the lac operon.

A: Operons can be defined as the regions of DNA that contain the clusters of related genes. They are…

Q: Ras proteins are activated when they a. bind GTP. b. release GTP. c. bind GDP. d. undergo…

A: Cells pass through cell cycle under the influence of external or internal signals. External signals…

Q: 4b. Briefly describe the changes in gene expression that happen in the lac operon when lactose is…

A: 4b- lac operon: - Inducible system. - Both positive and negative regulation. - Involved in lactose…

Q: Discuss histone remodeling and its effect on transcription.

A: Histone-modifying complexes are protein complexes that catalyse the addition or removal of different…

Q: Explain the relationship between the variable number of tandem repeats in the insulin promoter…

A: Autoimmune diabetes is also called type 1 diabetes mellitus. This type of diabetes mellitus is…

Q: Explain in detail the role of super-enhancers. Give some examples. How the super-enhancers can be…

A: There are trillions of cells in the physical structure. They give the body structure, absorb…

Q: Describe the organization of the trp operon.

A: Tryptophan operon (trp operon) is the mechanism of the biosynthesis of tryptophan in the E. coli.…

Q: Indicate whether the protein binds directly or indirectly (assuming it does) to DNA and whether to…

A: Introduction :- DNA acts the genetic material of the cell because it have all the genetic…

Q: describe the 3 main players in the GTPase cycle (GTPase, GAP, GEF)

A: Nucleic acid is a molecule that carries the information of the cell and expresses that information…

Q: Describe the organization of the lac operon.

A: Step 1 Inducible Operon System (Lactose Operon) is a regulated operon system in which the structural…

Q: Explain the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) ?

A: Histones are the proteins that bind to DNA. It gives chromosomes their shape and helps control the…

Q: Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory elements referred to as promoters and enhancers.

A: The machinery of the transcription has two major components, which are trans-acting and cis-acting…

Q: State whether the gene is up- or down-regulated and briefly explain the reason behind. DNA lacks…

A: Genes are composed of nucleotide bases present in the genetic DNA. A genome is a double-stranded DNA…

Q: Experiments show that mutations at gene E lead to non-repressible transcription of trp genes. Why?

A: Ans: Tryptophan operon: It is the type of repressible operon, which is used in cells for the…

Q: e: 5 factor that does not dissociate from the RNA polymerase Holoenzyme in: (a) What is the process…

A: Sigma factors are responsible for determining the specificity of promoter of the DNA.

Q: Describe the steps that need to occur for the glucocorticoid receptor to bind to a GRE.

A: Glucocorticoids can be defined as the are hormones that are essential for life and their synthesis…

Q: explain how P element mobilization is regulated bymRNA splicing

A: Transposable elements present in Drosophila are called as P elements, this P element coded for the…

Q: Define transposable element

A: Transposable elements are present in the DNA of an organism that can cause mutations and alter the…

Q: Describe the regulation of expression of the lac Z, Y and A genes in E.coli when there is LOW…

A:

Q: Describe the probable genetic defect that abolishes the sensitivity of the lac operon to the absence…

A: The major carbohydrate source for bacterium are Glucose and Lactose. Glucose is is first choice of…

Q: Define about histone deacetylases (HDACs) ?

A: DNA packaging is done in order to fit the linear DNA molecule inside the nucleus. It starts when DNA…

Q: Explain how the trp operon is regulated by trp repressor and by attenuation.

A: Gene is the hereditary unit occupying a specific position in the chromosome and carries information…

Q: identify the key players in the various mutants of the spike protein

A: The spike protein consists of a linear chain of 1273 amino acids, showing neatness sunray into a…

Q: Describe the role of the CRP–cAMP complex in positiveregulation of the lactose operon in E. coli.

A: The E. coli lac operon includes genes involved in lactose metabolism. It is only expressed when…

Q: Briefly describe the lac operon and how it controls the metabolism of lactose.

A: In prokaryotes gene expression the gene expression occurs in a polycistronic manner. Polycistronic…

Q: Define lac operon and its structural gene with their function.

A:

Q: explain transcriptional repression of retrotransposons

A: Transposons are the DNA elements that are known to be the controlling elements that affect the gene…

Q: Mechanisms that inhibit TE activity include theproduction of transposition repressors…

A: Transposable elements (TEs) are the small segments of DNA that can move from one position to other…

Q: Describe in detail the role of super-enhancers. Give some examples. How the super-enhancers can be…

A: Super-enhancers (SEs) in a wide scope of human cell types are enormous bunches of enhancers with…

Q: Give examples of the different classes of mutations that affect the base sequence of DNA in protein…

A: Mutations are well stated to define that they are used to refer to changes or alterations that occur…

Q: Describe the importance of ubiquitin-dependent degradation of soluble proteins.

A: Thousands of distinct proteins are found in all living cells, each of which performs a specific…

Q: What type of regulation does the interaction of BPG with hemoglobin represent?

A: 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) is most abundant organic phosphate in the red blood cell. Molar…

Q: Outline how alternative splicing occurs, and describe its benefits.

A: Transcription is a process in which the template strand of DNA transcribes pre-mRNA in eukaryotes…

Q: Which of the following is true regarding TATA associated factors (TAFs)? a. Are a part of TFIIB b.…

A: Transcription is the process of transfer of information from a double-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.