DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with the genotype trp+ tyr+ was used to transform a recipient strain with the genotype trp− tyr−. The following numbers of transformed cells were recovered: Genotype Number of transformed cells trp+ tyr− 154 trp− tyr+ 312 trp+ tyr+ 354 What do these results suggest about the linkage of the trp and tyr genes?

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.