DNA (haplotypes) originating from the Denisovans can be found in the genomes of Indigenous Australians and Melanesian Islanders. However, the same DNA markers are not found in the genomes of people native to Africa. Why are Denisovan haplotypes found in Indigenous Australians and Melanesian Islanders but not in people native to Africa? Homo sapiens populations moved out of Africa into Asia and then interbred with the Denisovans before migrating to Australia and Melanesia. Homo sapiens populations interbred with the Denisovans before leaving Africa. The Denisovan haplotypes appeared in both Homo sapiens populations independently due to spontaneous mutations. Homo sapiens populations interbred with the Denisovans and then migrated into Africa, Australia, and Melanesia.

DNA (haplotypes) originating from the Denisovans can be found in the genomes of Indigenous Australians and Melanesian Islanders. However, the same DNA markers are not found in the genomes of people native to Africa. Why are Denisovan haplotypes found in Indigenous Australians and Melanesian Islanders but not in people native to Africa? Homo sapiens populations moved out of Africa into Asia and then interbred with the Denisovans before migrating to Australia and Melanesia. Homo sapiens populations interbred with the Denisovans before leaving Africa. The Denisovan haplotypes appeared in both Homo sapiens populations independently due to spontaneous mutations. Homo sapiens populations interbred with the Denisovans and then migrated into Africa, Australia, and Melanesia.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23QP: The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species (Homo sapiens) a. Briefly describe the two major...

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The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species (Homo sapiens) a. Briefly describe the two major theories discussed in this chapter about the origin of modern humans. b. Which of these two theories would predict a closer relationship for the various modern human populations? c. Which of the two theories is best supported by the genetic evidence?
Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why?
Which of the following species would be expected to form a hybrid double-stranded DNA molecule, at the highest temperatures, when their DNA is mixed with the DNA of humans? the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) the agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis) the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) the olive baboon (Papio anubis) the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) The evolution of the tetraploid South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis from the diploid tropical toad Xenopus tropicalis (in a single generation) is most likely: the result of a single chromosomal duplication the result of a single chromosomal deletion the result of a single gene duplication the result of a complete genome deletion the result of a complete genome duplication
Many modern people have some Neanderthal DNAin their genome, but the Neanderthal alleles are notuniformly distributed across their genome. A person ofEuropean or Asian ancestry typically has 1.5 to 2 percent Neanderthal DNA in their autosomes. However, researchers have never found any Neanderthal alleles on the Y chromosome of a modern human. By one hypothesis, Neanderthal Y alleles disappeared because theywere incompatible with H. sapiens genes. Explain howreduced fitness in hybrids arising from genetic incompatibility could have, over time, led to the elimination of theNeanderthal Y alleles from the H. sapiens gene pool.
The Amish community in Eastern Pennsylvania stemmed from a small closed population of around 200 individuals from Eastern Europe. Certain mutant alleles have been found at higher frequencies in the Amish relative to the general population, including a rare form of dwarfism called Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, in which the short stature is accompanied by polydactyly. Evaluate the factors driving evolution in the Amish population. Is this form of evolution adaptive? Explain.
When I first studied hominin evolution, they had found "Lucy", an Australopithecus afarensis, and everyone thought her species was an early ancestor of Homo sapien. The picture is much more complicated, with lots of hominins living in close proximity for millions of years...much different than our now singular species. Look at the phylogenetic tree and use it as a guide to briefly describe hominin lines in Africa up to Homo. Do not discuss Homo.Just discuss a sense that you generally can grasp what was going on in Africa with our Genus for 6 or 7 million years!
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
Example 3The Basque people, who have a distinct language, live on the coastal border of France and Spain. The 700,000 modern Basques had long been thought to descend from hunter-gatherers who lived in the area about 7,500 years ago, before the first farmers arrived. DNA told a different story. Researchers compared the genome sequences of bones from eight Basque farmers who had lived in a cave in northern Spain from 5,500 to 3,500 years ago to genomes from other skeletons representing severalEuropean hunter-gatherers and early farming groups, as well as to modern Europeans. While the ancient farmers had genomes representing many groups, including those of hunter-gatherers, the Basques indeed have a unique genome – but one that descends from the earliest farmers, not from hunter-gatherers. Apparently, their uniqueness today is due to their self-imposed isolation as the rest of Europe interbred. Source: Lewis, Ricki. Human Genetics Concepts and Applications (2018). Twelfth edition.…
Which statement about genome evolution is false? Mutations at the ends of introns are less likely than in the middle of an intron. Synonymous mutations rates are much higher than nonsynonymous mutation rates. Psuedogenes show high rates of mutations. Comparison of the mutational change in a specific gene can be used as a molecular clock to date evolutionary events between species. Evolution in a gene sequence will occur the fastest in regions that have the greatest effect on function.
An allele that causes an altered form of hemoglobin occurs in all human populations. However in populations where malaria is a threat there is a relatively higher percentage of individuals with the allele. Individuals who have one allele for this condition have an increased resistance to malaria. Individuals with two alleles for this condition have significant medical problems and die young. This allele has been found in high numbers in certain populations in West Africa, Southeast Asia and Greece. What process of evolution likely led to the appearance of this allele? A-mutation B-genetic drift C-natural selection D-gene flow Refer to the previous example (#2): What process of evolution likely led to this allele being in higher numbers in some populations? A-mutation B-natural selection C-genetic drift D-gene flow
Your descendants have fortunately inherited your fascination with rodent genetics. Fifty thousand years after the original volcanic eruption, your descendants return to the island where the two populations are still separated. They repeat the same experiments that you carried out. Their data indicate there is no reproductive isolation between members of A1 and A2. DNA sequences from randomly chosen individuals from the two populations are shown here – A1 ATAAGA A1 ACAAGA A1 ACATGA A2 TCATTT A2 TCATTG A2 TCATTT A)Name one mechanism by which differences between A1 and A2 became fixed in the two populations (not how the differences arose in the first place).
You compare two strands of mtDNA and discover that there are 3 differences in base pairs between them. Assuming that the mutation rate for the species that you are examining is 1 mutation every 20,000 years, how long ago did the two strands share a common ancestor? Write your answer in xxx,xxx format. These two strands shared a common ancestor _____________ years ago.