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DNA replication in [Select] These are [ Select] at the [Select] [Select] [ Select ] Gametes (sperm or egg) are Each member of a pair of [Select] different parent at fertilization, one from Mom (maternal) and one from Dad (paternal). [ Select] phase results in that are connected to each other of all genetic information. When they join, the resulting zygote is [Select] undergoes [Select] comes from a and have and to make a multicellular body

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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Functional Consequences of Y-Family DNA Polymerase Structure The eukaryotic translesion DNA polymerases fall into the Y family of DNA polymerases. Structural studies reveal that their fingers and thumb domains are small and stubby (see Figure 28.10). In addition, Y-family polymerase active sites are more open and less constrained where base pairing leads to selection of a dNTP substrate for the polymerase reaction. Discuss the relevance of these structural differences. Would you expect Y-family polymerases to have 3-exonuclease activity? Explain your answer.
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.
Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 750 base pairs per second, calculate how long it will take to replicate the entire E. coli genome. Under optimal conditions, E. coli cells divide every 20 minutes. What is the minimal number of replication forks per E. coli chromosome in order to sustain such a rate of cell division?
COMPLEMENTARY DNA SEQUENCE OF GACGGCTTAAGATGC
Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome Hexameric helicases, such as DnaB, the MCM proteins, and papilloma virus El helicase (illustrated in Figures 16.22 to 16.25), unwind DNA by passing one strand of the DNA duplex through the central pore, using a mechanism based on ATP-dependent binding interactions with the bases of that strand. The genome of E. coli K12 consists of 4,686,137 nucleotides. Assuming that DnaB functions like papilloma virus El helicase, from the information given in Chapter 16 on ATP-coupled DNA unwinding, calculate how many molecules of ATP would be needed to completely unwind the E. coli K 12 chromosome.
Heteroduplex DNA Formation in Recombination From the information in Figures 28.17 and 28.18, diagram the recombinational event leading to the formation of a heteroduplex DNA region within a bacteriophage chromosome.
Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication If 15N-Iabeled E. coli DNA has a density of 1.724 g/mL, 14N-labeled DNA has a density of 1.710 g/mL, and E. coli cells grown for many generations on 14NH4+as a nitrogen source are transferred to media containing 15NH4+as the sole N-source, (a) What will be the density of the DNA after one generation, assuming replication is semiconservative? (b) Suppose replication took place by a conservative mechanism in which the parental strands remained together and the two progeny strands were paired. Design an experiment that could distinguish between semiconservative and conservative modes of replication.
Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
Under physiological conditions, DNA ordinarily formsB-DNA. However, RNA hairpins and DNA-RNAhybrids adopt the structure of A-DNA. Considering thestructural differences between DNA and RNA, explain thisphenomenon.
4a in context to taking genomic DNA from eukaryotic cells and randomly shearing it into pieces of a constant size, why do some of the genomic DNA fragments re-nature so much more quickly than other fragments
Here is a DNA coding strand’s sequence and direction: 5’-ATGCCGATATAG-3’ . What would be the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide encoded by this DNA?