ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA 1. Electromagnetic induction Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field B which passes through a given arca. It is a useful tool for helping describe the effects of the magnetic force on something occupying a given area. If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface of area A is Normal to A Og = B.A· cose The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb). Faraday law When a current conducting wire or coil is moved through a magnetic field a voltage (EMF) is generated which depends on the magnetic flux through the area of the coil. This is an example of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; the current that flows in this situation is known as an induced current. 18 cos e Faraday's Law relates the average induced EMF in terms of the time rate of change of the total magnetic flux through a current O- BA cos 8-B.A conductor or coil. ДФ Δε Finally, if a coil has N turns, an emf will be produced that is N times greater than for a single coil, so that emf is directly proportional to N. The magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying wire is found by experiment to be B = where / is the current, r is the shortest distance to the wire, and the constant o = 4xx107T:m/A is the permeability of free space. Magnetic field produced by a current-carrying circular loop. There is a simple formula for the magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop. It is B = "ol, where R is the radius of the loop. One way to get a larger field is to have N loops; then, the field is B = N 2R 2. Electromagnetic field At every instant the ratio of the magnitude of the clectric field to the magnitude of the magnetic field in an electromagnetic wave equals the speed of light. Emax %3D Bmax 3. Electromagnetic waves The magnitudes electric field strength E and magnetic field strength B in electromagnetic wave vary with x and t according to the expressions E(x, t) = E,sin(kx – wt) B(x, t) = B,sin(kx – wt) Here k = and w = with A the wavelength and T'the period of the wave (T=1/fwhere fis the frequency of oscillation of the wave). The speed of the wave is given by v =c = w /k. There are many types of waves, such as water waves and even earthquakes. Among the many shared attributes of waves are propagation speed v, frequency f, and wavelength A. These are always related by the expression: v = af Electromagnetic waves, like visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays don't need a medium in which to propagate; they can travel through a vacuum. Speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum VHolo Taking the permittivity of free space ɛg = 8.85 · 10-12 F/m and permeability of free space µo - 4nx107 T-m/A,c = 3· 10° m/sec. Tatle Electromagnedic Waves Type of EM Life sciences Production Applications aspect wave Requires controls for band use Communications Remote coneols Radio & TV MRI Accelerating charges Accelerating charges & themalCommunications Ovens agitation Thermal agitticns & electonic ransitions Themal agitations & clectronic transitions Microwaves Deop heing Cell phone use Radar Thermal imaging Heating Absorbed by வாவரar Intared Greenhouse effect Photosynthesis Human vision Visible ight All pervasive Themal agitaticns & electonic transitions Sterilizadon Cancer control Ozone depletion Cancer causing Utraviolet Vitamin D production Irner elecdronic transitons andMedcal Security tast collisions Medical diagrosis Cancer therapy Medical diagnosis Cancer therapy X-tys Cancer causing Nuclear medcinesecurity Cancer causing Radion damage Gamma rays Nuclear decay 4. Energy in electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic waves can bring energy into a system by virtue of their electric and magnetic fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. Once electromagnetic wave has created, the fields carry energy away from a source. Intensity I of electromagnetic wave is energy per area A per time t or power P per area. Intensity is measured in W/m²: 1 = Energy The energy carried and the intensity I of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to E and B. In fact, for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the average intensity I is given by 1= to5, where e is the speed of light, ɛo is the permittivity of free space, and Eo is the maximum electric field strength. The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave I can also be expressed in terms of the magnetic field strength I = , where Bo is the maximum magnetic field strength. 5. Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. The radiation pressure Pexerted on the perfectly absorbing surface is: P = A-t The electromagnetic wave intensity at distance r from the source I = here P 6. is power.

Inquiry into Physics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781337515863
Author:Ostdiek
Publisher:Ostdiek
Chapter8: Electromagnetism And Em Waves
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1MIO
icon
Related questions
icon
Concept explainers
Question

Give an order of magnitude estimate, based on Faraday’s law, of the maximum induced emf detected by a search coil with a 0.2 m diameter 1 cm away from a long neuron which carries an average current of 10 pA switched on in 1 ms. Suppose, that neuron is long straight current
caring wire.

ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
1. Electromagnetic induction
Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field B which passes through a given
arca. It is a useful tool for helping describe the effects of the magnetic force on something
occupying a given area. If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a
surface of area A is
Normal to A
Og = B.A· cose
The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb).
Faraday law
When a current conducting wire or coil is moved through a
magnetic field a voltage (EMF) is generated which depends on
the magnetic flux through the area of the coil. This is an example
of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; the current
that flows in this situation is known as an induced current.
18 cos e
Faraday's Law relates the average induced EMF in terms of the
time rate of change of the total magnetic flux through a current
O- BA cos 8-B.A
conductor or coil.
ДФ
Δε
Finally, if a coil has N turns, an emf will be produced that is N times greater than for a single
coil, so that emf is directly proportional to N.
The magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying
wire is found by experiment to be B = where / is the current, r is the shortest distance to
the wire, and the constant o = 4xx107T:m/A is the permeability of free space.
Magnetic field produced by a current-carrying circular loop. There is a simple formula for
the magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop. It is B = "ol, where R is the radius
of the loop. One way to get a larger field is to have N loops; then, the field is B = N
2R
2. Electromagnetic field
At every instant the ratio of the magnitude of the clectric field to the magnitude of the magnetic
field in an electromagnetic wave equals the speed of light.
Emax
%3D
Bmax
3. Electromagnetic waves
The magnitudes electric field strength E and magnetic field
strength B in electromagnetic wave vary with x and t
according to the expressions
E(x, t) = E,sin(kx – wt)
B(x, t) = B,sin(kx – wt)
Here k =
and w =
with A the wavelength and T'the period of the wave (T=1/fwhere fis the frequency of oscillation
of the wave). The speed of the wave is given by v =c = w /k.
There are many types of waves, such as water waves and even earthquakes. Among the many
shared attributes of waves are propagation speed v, frequency f, and wavelength A. These are
always related by the expression:
v = af
Transcribed Image Text:ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA 1. Electromagnetic induction Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field B which passes through a given arca. It is a useful tool for helping describe the effects of the magnetic force on something occupying a given area. If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface of area A is Normal to A Og = B.A· cose The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb). Faraday law When a current conducting wire or coil is moved through a magnetic field a voltage (EMF) is generated which depends on the magnetic flux through the area of the coil. This is an example of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; the current that flows in this situation is known as an induced current. 18 cos e Faraday's Law relates the average induced EMF in terms of the time rate of change of the total magnetic flux through a current O- BA cos 8-B.A conductor or coil. ДФ Δε Finally, if a coil has N turns, an emf will be produced that is N times greater than for a single coil, so that emf is directly proportional to N. The magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying wire is found by experiment to be B = where / is the current, r is the shortest distance to the wire, and the constant o = 4xx107T:m/A is the permeability of free space. Magnetic field produced by a current-carrying circular loop. There is a simple formula for the magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop. It is B = "ol, where R is the radius of the loop. One way to get a larger field is to have N loops; then, the field is B = N 2R 2. Electromagnetic field At every instant the ratio of the magnitude of the clectric field to the magnitude of the magnetic field in an electromagnetic wave equals the speed of light. Emax %3D Bmax 3. Electromagnetic waves The magnitudes electric field strength E and magnetic field strength B in electromagnetic wave vary with x and t according to the expressions E(x, t) = E,sin(kx – wt) B(x, t) = B,sin(kx – wt) Here k = and w = with A the wavelength and T'the period of the wave (T=1/fwhere fis the frequency of oscillation of the wave). The speed of the wave is given by v =c = w /k. There are many types of waves, such as water waves and even earthquakes. Among the many shared attributes of waves are propagation speed v, frequency f, and wavelength A. These are always related by the expression: v = af
Electromagnetic waves, like visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays don't
need a medium in which to propagate; they can travel through a vacuum.
Speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum
VHolo
Taking the permittivity of free space ɛg = 8.85 · 10-12 F/m and permeability of free space µo
- 4nx107 T-m/A,c = 3· 10° m/sec.
Tatle Electromagnedic Waves
Type of EM
Life sciences
Production
Applications
aspect
wave
Requires controls for
band use
Communications
Remote coneols
Radio & TV
MRI
Accelerating charges
Accelerating charges & themalCommunications Ovens
agitation
Thermal agitticns & electonic
ransitions
Themal agitations & clectronic
transitions
Microwaves
Deop heing
Cell phone use
Radar
Thermal imaging
Heating
Absorbed by
வாவரar
Intared
Greenhouse effect
Photosynthesis Human
vision
Visible ight
All pervasive
Themal agitaticns & electonic
transitions
Sterilizadon Cancer
control
Ozone depletion Cancer
causing
Utraviolet
Vitamin D production
Irner elecdronic transitons andMedcal Security
tast collisions
Medical diagrosis
Cancer therapy
Medical diagnosis
Cancer therapy
X-tys
Cancer causing
Nuclear
medcinesecurity
Cancer causing
Radion damage
Gamma rays
Nuclear decay
4. Energy in electromagnetic wave
Electromagnetic waves can bring energy into a system by virtue of their electric and magnetic
fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them.
Once electromagnetic wave has created, the fields carry energy away from a source. Intensity
I of electromagnetic wave is energy per area A per time t or power P per area. Intensity is
measured in W/m²: 1 = Energy
The energy carried and the intensity I of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to E and B.
In fact, for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the average intensity I is given by
1= to5, where e is the speed of light, ɛo is the permittivity of free space, and Eo is the
maximum electric field strength.
The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave I can also be expressed in terms of the
magnetic field strength I = , where Bo is the maximum magnetic field strength.
5. Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface due to the exchange of
momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. The radiation pressure Pexerted
on the perfectly absorbing surface is: P =
A-t
The electromagnetic wave intensity at distance r from the source I =
here P
6.
is power.
Transcribed Image Text:Electromagnetic waves, like visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays don't need a medium in which to propagate; they can travel through a vacuum. Speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum VHolo Taking the permittivity of free space ɛg = 8.85 · 10-12 F/m and permeability of free space µo - 4nx107 T-m/A,c = 3· 10° m/sec. Tatle Electromagnedic Waves Type of EM Life sciences Production Applications aspect wave Requires controls for band use Communications Remote coneols Radio & TV MRI Accelerating charges Accelerating charges & themalCommunications Ovens agitation Thermal agitticns & electonic ransitions Themal agitations & clectronic transitions Microwaves Deop heing Cell phone use Radar Thermal imaging Heating Absorbed by வாவரar Intared Greenhouse effect Photosynthesis Human vision Visible ight All pervasive Themal agitaticns & electonic transitions Sterilizadon Cancer control Ozone depletion Cancer causing Utraviolet Vitamin D production Irner elecdronic transitons andMedcal Security tast collisions Medical diagrosis Cancer therapy Medical diagnosis Cancer therapy X-tys Cancer causing Nuclear medcinesecurity Cancer causing Radion damage Gamma rays Nuclear decay 4. Energy in electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic waves can bring energy into a system by virtue of their electric and magnetic fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. Once electromagnetic wave has created, the fields carry energy away from a source. Intensity I of electromagnetic wave is energy per area A per time t or power P per area. Intensity is measured in W/m²: 1 = Energy The energy carried and the intensity I of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to E and B. In fact, for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the average intensity I is given by 1= to5, where e is the speed of light, ɛo is the permittivity of free space, and Eo is the maximum electric field strength. The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave I can also be expressed in terms of the magnetic field strength I = , where Bo is the maximum magnetic field strength. 5. Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. The radiation pressure Pexerted on the perfectly absorbing surface is: P = A-t The electromagnetic wave intensity at distance r from the source I = here P 6. is power.
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 5 steps with 5 images

Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Self-inductance
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Inquiry into Physics
Inquiry into Physics
Physics
ISBN:
9781337515863
Author:
Ostdiek
Publisher:
Cengage
College Physics
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:
9781938168000
Author:
Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:
OpenStax College
University Physics Volume 2
University Physics Volume 2
Physics
ISBN:
9781938168161
Author:
OpenStax
Publisher:
OpenStax
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student…
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student…
Physics
ISBN:
9780078807213
Author:
Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations…
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations…
Physics
ISBN:
9781133939146
Author:
Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology …
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology …
Physics
ISBN:
9781305116399
Author:
Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:
Cengage Learning