Ethics in ActionNew Wave Images is a graphics design firm that prepares its financial statements using a calendar year. Manny Kinn, the company treasurer and vice president of finance, has prepared a classified balance sheet as of December 31. In January, this balance sheet will be submitted along with an application for a loan from First Peoples Community Bank. An excerpt from the balance sheet follows: Cash $25,000 Accounts receivable 85,000 ........ Total Assets $250,000 The accounts receivable balance includes a $56,000 loan to Tom Morrow, the company president. Tom borrowed the money from New Wave 18 months earlier for a down payment on a new home. Tom has o rally assured Manny that he will pay off the loan within the next year. Because Tom is the company president, Manny treats the amountdue as part of its normal accounts receivable. In addition, Manny knows that the bank will consider a large balance in accounts receivable more favorably than a large personal loan to a single individual. Manny reported the $56,000 in the same manner on the preceding year's balance sheet.1. Is Manny behaving ethically by re porting the loan to Tom as a trade account receivable? Why or why not?2. Who will be affected by Manny's decision?
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Ethics in Action
New Wave Images is a graphics design firm that prepares its financial statements using a calendar year. Manny Kinn, the company treasurer and vice president of finance, has prepared a classified
| Cash | $25,000 |
| Accounts receivable | 85,000 |
| ........ | |
| Total Assets | $250,000 |
The accounts receivable balance includes a $56,000 loan to Tom Morrow,
the company president. Tom borrowed the money from New Wave 18
months earlier for a down payment on a new home. Tom has o rally
assured Manny that he will pay off the loan within the next year. Because Tom is the company president, Manny treats the amount
due as part of its normal accounts receivable. In addition, Manny knows
that the bank will consider a large balance in accounts receivable more
favorably than a large personal loan to a single individual. Manny reported the $56,000 in the same manner on the preceding year's balance sheet.
1. Is Manny behaving ethically by re porting the loan to Tom as a trade
account receivable? Why or why not?
2. Who will be affected by Manny's decision?
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