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- Journal Entries Castle Consulting Agency began business in February. The transactions entered into by Castle during its first month of operations are as follows: Acquired articles of incorporation from the state and issued 10,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for $150,000 in cash. Paid monthly rent of $400. Signed a five-year promissory note for $100,000 at the bank. Purchased software to be used on future jobs. The software costs $950 and is expected to be used on five to eight jobs over the next two years. Billed customers $12,500 for work performed during the month. Paid office personnel $3,000 for the month of February. Received a utility bill of $100. The total amount is due in 30 days. Required Prepare in journal form, the entry to record each transaction.Financing business expansion You hold a 30% common stock interest in the family-owned business, a vending machine company. Your sister, who is the manager, has proposed an expansion of plant facilities al an expected cost of $6,000,000. Two alternative plans have been suggested as methods of financing the expansion. Each plan is briefly described as follows: Plan 1, Issue $6,000,000 of 15-year. 8% notes at face amount. Plan 2. Issue an additional 100.000 shares of $20 par common stock at $25 per share, and $3,500,000 of 15-year. 8% notes at face amount. The balance sheet as of the end of the previous fiscal year is as follows: Net income has remained relatively constant over the past several years. The expansion program is expected to increase yearly income before bond interest and income tax from $900,000 in the previous year to $1,200,000 for this year. Your sister has asked you. as the company treasurer, to prepare an analysis of each financing plan. a. Discuss the factors that should be considered in evaluating the two plans. b. Which plan offers the greater benefit to the present stockholders? Give reasons for your opinion.Return on assets ExxonMobil Corporation (XOM) explores, produces, and distributes oil and natural gas. The Coca-Cola Company (KO) produces and distributes soft drink beverages, including Coke. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.., (WMT) operates retail stores and supermarkets. The following data (in millions) were taken from recent financial statements of each company: Compute the return on assets for each company using the preceding data, and rank the companies’ return on assets from highest to lowest. Round the return on assets to one decimal place.
- MANAGING CURRENT ASSETS Dan Barnes, financial manager of Ski Equipment Inc. (SKI), is excited, but apprehensive. The companys founder recently sold his 51% controlling block of stock to Kent Koren, who is a big fan of EVA (Economic Value Added). EVA is found by taking the after-tax operating profit and subtracting the dollar cost of all the capital the firm uses: EVA = EBIT(1 T) Annual dollar cost of capital = EBIT(1 T) (WACC Capital employed If EVA is positive, the firm is creating value. On the other hand, if EVA is negative, the firm is not covering its cost of capital and stockholders value is being eroded. Koren rewards managers handsomely if they create value, but those whose operations produce negative EVAs are soon looking for work. Koren frequently points out that if a company can generate its current level of sales with fewer assets, it will need less capital. That would, other things held constant, lower capital costs and increase EVA. Shortly after he took control, Koren met with SKIs senior executives to tell them his plans for the company. First, he presented some EVA data that convinced everyone that SKI had not been creating value in recent years. He then stated, in no uncertain terms, that this situation must change. He noted that SKIs designs of skis, boots, and clothing are acclaimed throughout the industry but that other aspects of the company must be seriously amiss. Either costs are too high, prices are too low, or the company employs too much capital; and he expects SKIs managers to identify and correct the problem. Barnes has long believed that SKIs working capital situation should be studiedthe company may have the optimal amounts of cash, securities, receivables, and inventories, but it may also have too much or too little of these items. In the past, the production manager resisted Barness efforts to question his holdings of raw materials inventories; the marketing manager resisted questions about finished goods; the sales staff resisted questions about credit policy (which affects accounts receivable); and the treasurer did not want to talk about her cash and securities balances. Korens speech made it clear that such resistance would no longer be tolerated. Barnes also knows that decisions about working capital cannot be made in a vacuum. For example, if inventories could be lowered without adversely affecting operations, less capital would be required, the dollar cost of capital would decline, and EVA would increase. However, lower raw materials inventories might lead to production slowdowns and higher costs, while lower finished goods inventories might lead to the loss of profitable sales. So before inventories are changed, it will be necessary to study operating as well as financial effects. The situation is the same with regard to cash and receivables. a. Barnes plans to use the ratios in Table IC 16.1 as the starting point for discussions with SKIs operating executives. He wants everyone to think about the pros and cons of changing each type of current asset and the way changes would interact to affect profits and EVA. Based on the data in Table IC 16.1, does SKI seem to be following a relaxed, moderate, or restricted current assets investment policy? b. How can we distinguish between a relaxed but rational current assets investment policy and a situation where a firm has a large amount of current assets due to inefficiency? Does SKIs current assets investment policy seem appropriate? Explain. c. SKI tries to match the maturity of its assets and liabilities. Describe how SKI could adopt a more aggressive or a more conservative financing policy. d. Assume that SKIs payables deferral period is 30 days. Now calculate the firms cash conversion cycle estimating the inventory conversion period as 365/Inventory turnover. e. What might SKI do to reduce its cash and securities without harming operations? In an attempt to better understand SKIs cash position, Barnes developed a cash budget. Data for the first 2 months of the year are shown in Table IC 16.2. (Note that Barness preliminary cash budget does not account for interest income or interest expense.) He has the figures for the other months, but they are not shown in Table IC 16.2. f. In his preliminary cash budget, Barnes has assumed that all sales are collected and thus that SKI has no bad debts. Is this realistic? If not, how would bad debts be dealt with in a cash budgeting sense? (Hint: Bad debts affect collections but not purchases.) g. Barness cash budget for the entire year, although not given here, is based heavily on his forecast for monthly sales. Sales are expected to be extremely low between May and September but then increase dramatically in the fall and winter. November is typically the firms best month, when SKI ships equipment to retailers for the holiday season. Interestingly, Barness forecasted cash budget indicates that the companys cash holdings will exceed the targeted cash balance every month except October and November, when shipments will be high but collections will not be coming in until later. Based on the ratios in Table IC 16.1, does it appear that SKIs target cash balance is appropriate? In addition to possibly lowering the target cash balance, what actions might SKI take to better improve its cash management policies and how might that affect its EVA? h. Is there any reason to think that SKI may be holding too much inventory? If so, how would that affect EVA and ROE? i. If the company reduces its inventory without adversely affecting sales, what effect should this have on the companys cash position (1) in the short run and (2) in the long run? Explain in terms of the cash budget and the balance sheet. j. Barnes knows that SKI sells on the same credit terms as other firms in the industry. Use the ratios presented in Table IC 16.1 to explain whether SKIs customers pay more or less promptly than those of its competitors. If there are differences, does that suggest that SKI should restrict or relax its credit policy? What four variables make up a firms credit policy, and in what direction should each be changed by SKI? k. Does SKI face any risks if it restricts its credit policy? Explain. l. If the company reduces its DSO without seriously affecting sales, what effect will this have on its cash position (1) in the short run and (2) in the long run? Answer in terms of the cash budget and the balance sheet. What effect should this have on EVA in the long run? m. Assume that SKI buys on terms of 1 10, net 30, but that it can get away with paying on the 40th day if it chooses not to take discounts. Also, assume that it purchases 3 million of components per year, net of discounts. How much free trade credit can the company get, how much costly trade credit can it get, and what is the percentage cost of the costly credit? Should SKI take discounts? Why or why not? n. Suppose SKI decided to raise an additional 100,000 as a 1-year loan from its bank, for which it was quoted a rate of 8%. What is the effective annual cost rate assuming simple interest and add-on interest on a 12-month installment loan? Table IC 16.1 Selected Ratios: SKI and Industry Average SKI Industry Current 1.75 2.25 Debt/Assets 58.76% 50.00% Turnover of cash and securities 16.67 22.22 Days sales outstanding (365-day basis) 45.63 32.00 Inventory turnover 4.82 7.00 Fixed assets turnover 11.35 12.00 Total assets turnover 2.08 3.00 Profit margin 2.07% 3.50% Return on equity (ROE) 10.45% 21.00% TABLE IC 16.2 Skis Cash Budget for January and FebruaryQuestion 4. Annwar is a manufacturer of plastic containers. The statement of financial position as of December 31st, 2019, is shown in Table 1 below. RM RM Current assets Current liabilities Cash in hand 30,000 Trade creditors 5,000 Bank 15,000 Accrued expenses 20,000 Trade debtors 50,000 Closing stock 45,000 Work in progress 42,000 Fixed assets Capital 267,000 Property, plant, and equipment 100,000 Reserves 120,000 Real estate investments 100,000 Profit 30,000 442,000 442,000 The following have not been adjusted: The personal drawings of Annwar for the year amounted to RM200,000. Annwar also donated RM20,000 to his favorite charity in November. There is obsolete stock amounting to RM5,000. Required: Determine the zakat payable by Annwar.Question 3 Working capital management is so critical in the organization. The following information below was obtained concerning the liquidity of the business. You are to study the following financial statements for two furniture stores and then answer the questions which follow. Financial Statements Profit and loss accounts for the year ending 31 December, 2020 X Y K K K K Sales 555,000 750,000 Less Cost of goods sold Opening stock 100,000 80,000 Add Purchases 200,000 320,000 300,000 400,000 Less Closing stock (60,000) (70,000)…
- T Account entries for Simple Construction:Bob Simple graduated from the BCIT Construction Management Program and decided to start his own construction company. We will record various entries that might be made in a T account sheet in order to account for his second year of operations. At the end of the first year, his income statement and balance sheet havethe following values:Balance Sheet Entries for Last Year:Cash: 365,000Accounts Receivable: $17,000Materials Inventory: $2000Equipment: $15,000Accumulated Amortization: $500Accounts Payable: $22,000Bank Loan –Long Term: $10,000Dividend Payable: $35,000Interest Payable: $500Wages Payable: $5,000Common Stock: $250,000Retained Earnings: $76,000Income statement Final Entries for Last Year:Revenue: $145,000Materials Expense: $20,000Wages Expense: $10,000Amortization Expense: $500Rental Expense: $2,500Interest Expense: $1000Net Income: $111,000 Question 1a.Enter the relevant amounts in the T sheet to start the current year, and designate…Horizontal Analysis Mike Sanders is considering the purchase of Kepler Company, a firm specializing in the manufacture of office supplies. To be able to assess the financial capabilities of the company, Mike has been given the company’s financial statements for the 2 most recent years. Kepler CompanyComparative Balance Sheets This Year Last Year Assets Current assets: Cash $50,000.00 $100,000.00 Accounts receivable, net 300,000.00 150,000.00 Inventory 600,000.00 400,000.00 Prepaid expenses 25,000.00 30,000.00 Total current assets $975,000.00 $680,000.00 Property and equipment, net 125,000.00 150,000.00 Total assets $1,100,000.00 $830,000.00 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $400,000.00 $290,000.00 Short-term notes payable 200,000.00 60,000.00 Total current liabilities $600,000.00 $350,000.00 Long-term bonds payable, 12% 100,000.00 150,000.00 Total liabilities $700,000.00 $500,000.00…Abe Factor opened a new accounting practice called X-Factor Accounting and completed these activities during March 2020: March 1 Invested $50,000 in cash and office equipment that had a fair value of $12,000. 1 Prepaid $9,000 cash for three months’ rent for an office. 3 Made credit purchases of used office equipment for $6,000 and office supplies for $1,200. 5 Completed work for a client and immediately received $6,200 cash. 9 Completed a $4,000 project for a client, who will pay within 30 days. 11 Paid the account payable created on March 3. 15 Paid $3,000 cash for the annual premium on an insurance policy. 20 Received $1,500 as partial payment for the work completed on March 9. 22 Placed an order with a supplier for $4,800 of supplies to be delivered April 7. They must be paid for within 15 days of being received. 23 Completed work for another client for $2,850 on credit. 27 Abe Factor withdrew $3,600 cash from the business to pay some…
- Answer in 10 minutes please Vince Company invested P2,000,000 in Alfred Company for 25% interest. Alfred paid out 40% of net income in dividends each year. The investment account showed the following details: Initial cost P5,000,000 Debit to the investment account 1,000,000 Credit to the investment account ( 400,000) Investment balance at year-end P5,600,000 What amount of investment income was reported by Vince? a. P 650,000 b. P1,000,000 c. P1,600,000 d. P1,400,000Question 3 options: With the following information, fill in the blank given using the specified format (For example: $100,000) The net working capital is _______ Annual Sales Revenue $3,650,000 Accounts Payable 300,000 Accounts Receivable 400,000 Cash 35,000 Mortgage 95,000 Equipment 200,000 Short-term Loan 100,000 Goodwill 75,000 Inventory 500,00025)Robert Haddon contributed $70,000 in cash and land worth $130,000 to open a new business, RH Consulting. Which of the following general journal entries will RH Consulting make to record this transaction? (Hint: Owner can contribute both cash and non-cash item to his own company.) Group of answer choices Debit Cash $70,000; debit Land $130,000; credit Haddon, Capital, $200,000. Debit Assets $200,000; credit Haddon, Capital, $200,000. Debit Haddon, Capital, $200,000; credit Cash $70,000, credit Land, $130,000. Debit Cash and Land, $200,000; credit Haddon, Capital, $200,000.