Explain how antibody diversity is generated in vertebrates.
Anatomy and physiology are the branches of biology, anatomy deals with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts while physiology deals with the study of the way those parts function together. Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of animals or their parts. The immune system is a host protection system including several biological structures and processes in a body that defends against disease.
Three pools of gene sections and exons produced the antibodies. One of them encodes heavy chains, and two pools encode for light chains (κ light chains, and λ light chains). During B cell development, separate gene fragments that encode the various portions of the variable region of the light or heavy chains are brought together with the help of site-specific recombination. The light-chain pools include one or more constant- (C-) region exons and sets of the variable (V) and joining (J) gene segments. The heavy-chain pool comprises sets of C-region exons and sets of V, diversity (D), and J gene segments.
To build an antibody molecule, a DNA sequence coding for the V region of a light chain produced by the recombination of a VL gene segment with a JL gene segment and a DNA sequence coding for the V region of a heavy chain produced by the recombination of a VH gene segment with a D and a JH gene segment. Afterward, to construct an RNA molecule that codes for the complete polypeptide chain, every assembled V-region coding sequence is transcribed with the proper C-region sequence. To ensure that each B cell creates only one species of the antigen-binding site, the cells in which functional heavy and light chains formed, turn off the V(D)J joining process.
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