Q: List the effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation on different effector organs. In each case, indicate…
A: The sympathoadrenal system is the connection between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal…
Q: Define triggers
A: Triggers in biology include weather database or information
Q: hat is the
A: Effector is any organ or cells which active in response to a stimulus. When a body temperature is…
Q: Discuss the five types of intracellular communication.
A: We know that the five types of Intercellular communication are : 1.Autocrine…
Q: Explain how ligand-gated channels are opened, using nicotinic ACh receptors as an example.
A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or nAChRs can be defined as the receptor polypeptides that will…
Q: Explain Classes of Some of the Chemicals Known or Presumed to Be Neurotransmitters or…
A: Neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers present in the body that is used by the nervous system to…
Q: Describe the Integration of Effector Mechanisms?
A: The effector mechanisms operate to eradicate the pathogens in an adaptive immune reaction. They are…
Q: Explain the ways that drugs interact with the nervoussystem.
A: A drug refers to a substance which when introduced or ingested in an individual body causes some…
Q: What would be the extended effects of drugs that blocktranscription?
A: The process by which DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transcribed into RNA (ribonucleic acid) is…
Q: How do ion channels that are highly selective obtain high selectivity for that specific ion?
A: The biological membranes are selectively permeable. All molecules are not transported across the…
Q: What component serves as the receptor? What component serves as the control center? What component…
A: Homeostasis is body's ability to adjust it's internal environment for the maintainence of optimal…
Q: Discuss Presynaptic factors?
A: Neurotransmitters can be defined as the chemical messengers that play the role in transmitting the…
Q: Give Presynaptic factors?
A: The process of relating to or denoting the nerve cell that will releases the transmitter substance…
Q: Why does tolerance not develop with drugs that target ion
A: Tolerance is a biological process in which repeated and increasing frequency of dose of the drug is…
Q: The output from the hypothalamus and the other brain areas to the effectors is via?
A: The effectors can be described as the bodily organs, tissues, or muscles activated in response to…
Q: An anti-Alzheimer’s drug is
A: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that begins slowly and worsens with…
Q: Define cascade triggers
A: Signal transduction is the process through which cells communicate with the external environment,…
Q: Write the summary of Mechanisms by Which Receptor Activation Influences Ion Channels?
A: Ion Channels are the protein channel in the membranes which allows the charged ions (sodium,…
Q: Give Reference Table of Important Second Messengers?
A: Second messengers are signaling molecules present within the cells that are released when the cell…
Q: Which two major organ types compromise effectors?
A: We have to determine the major organs in human body compromising the effectors.
Q: What is Neuroeffector Communication?
A: Neurons of the nervous system communicate to each other at junctions, the synapses. These chemical…
Q: List examples of second messengers, and explain how they exerttheir effects.
A: Second messengers are the molecules that transfer the signal of the arrival of some hormones or…
Q: Define and identify reversible and irreversible inhibition.
A: An irreversible inhibitor inactivates an enzyme.
Q: What is stimulants?
A: Advent of Stimulant: A psychoactive drug that provides temporary wellness in physical…
Q: Describe the evidence showing that axons seek specific targets.
A: An nerve fiber or axon is the long forecast of neuron or nerve cell.
Q: Name two ways by which neurotransmitter can be eliminated
A: The synapse must be cleared before synaptic transmission may occur.
Q: Explain the Interactions Between Receptors and Ligands?
A: Answer: Introduction: The ligand goes transversely the plasma membrane and binds to the receptor…
Q: Define the term ligand-gated ion channels?
A: Ion channels are the specialized proteins in the plasma membrane. It help to provide a passageway…
Q: Outline the mechanism of impulse transmission at NMJ
A: Botox is an NP/neurotoxic protein synthesized by Clostridium botulinum. This toxin inhibits the…
Q: Actions of neuropeptides include all the following, except :-a- inhibition of gene transcriptionb-…
A:
Q: What is the reason tolerance does not develop with drugs that target ion channels?
A: Tolerance occurs when the immune system actively avoids responding to an external antigen. Tolerance…
Q: Explain what is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker?
A: Drugs work by interacting with receptors on cell surfaces or enzymes that regulate the rate of…
Q: Describe forces that act as stimulants to change.
A: Any organization relies on multiple inter-dependencies that affect its daily activities, strategic…
Q: Explain the roles of presynaptic inhibition and of facilitation
A: Nerve cells work together in clusters to affect each other's functions. The benefit of presynaptic…
Q: What role Intercalating agents play ?
A: A change in the sequence of the DNA is called a mutation.
Q: Describe the clinical importance of drugs that mimic or inhibit adrenergic or cholinergic effects.
A: In the human body, there are lots of receptors that receive messages from biological messengers in…
Q: Define the term receptor desensitization?
A: Receptor desensitization refers to the decreased responsiveness that occurs with repeated or chronic…
Q: Name 3 ways in which ion channels are controlled aka "gated."
A: Ion channels are pore-framing layer proteins that permit particles to go through the channel pore.…
Q: Explain what is Major Second Messengers?
A: Receptors are protein-based chemical structures that receive and transmit signals from biological…
Q: A patient is suffering from ADA deficiency.Can he be cured ?How?
A: ADA deficiency of Adenosine deaminase deficiency is a genetic disorder that damages the immune…
Q: What is the role of subtle mechanisms?
A: Meditation research has begun to clarify the brain effects and mechanisms of contemplative practices…
Q: Describe Presynaptic Mechanisms?
A: Synapse is the region where two neurons or a neuron and the muscle cell are in close contact.
Q: Define the term Serotonin?
A: A hormone is a signaling chemical found in multicellular creatures that are delivered directly into…
Q: Give two mechanisms by which neurotransmitters exert their effects.
A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical signals which are released from the neuronal cells from the CNS…
Q: Describe the differences between cooperative effects and antagonistic effects in dual innervation of…
A: It is related to the nervous system.
Q: List three cell types that might receive a message transmitted by a neurotransmitter.
A: The chemical messengers which transmits message or signals through a neuron are known as…
Explain synergistic vs antagonistic
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
