Explain the cardiac conduction cycle as shown on an EKG

Q: Describe how the pressure in the left ventricle and in the systemic arteries varies during the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Estimate the ejection fraction of the failing heart at a typical normal end-diastolic volume?

A: Ejection fraction estimation - It is the measurement of the amount of blood pump from left ventricle…

Q: Define Ventricular Fibrillation. Describe what is happening electrically during VF.

A: Arrhythmia is a rare condition in which the rate of the heartbeat becomes irregular. The heart…

Q: Draw and label a normal ECG. Relate the P, QRS, and T waves to the atrial and ventricular action…

A: Draw and label a normal ECG. Relate the P, QRS, and T waves to the atrial and ventricular action…

Q: Explain how an action potential occurs in cardiac contractile fibers.

A: The automatic rhythmicity of the heart is its ability to contract spontaneously and at regular rate.…

Q: Compare action potential of pacemaker and non-pacemaker (working) myocardial cells?

A: Cell can be defined as the basic membrane-bound unit which contains the fundamental molecules of…

Q: Explain the electrical and mechanical events in the cardiac cycle, including their relationship to…

A: The sequence of events performed by the heart from one heartbeat to the commencement of next is…

Q: A person with a heart rate of 40 has no P waves but normal QRS complexes on the ECG. What is the…

A: Electrocardiogram(ECG) is the record or monitor of the electrical signals of the heart. Electrodes…

Q: Interpret Ventricular tachycardias from ECG with graph

A: The function of the electrocardiogram(ECG) is to trace the electrical activity of the heart. In a…

Q: What does an ECG measure? Name the waves andintervals produced by an ECG, and state what eventsoccur…

A: Electrocardiography is the process by which an electrocardiogram is generated. This is a…

Q: Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventriclesduring a cardiac cycle.

A: The heart is an organ found in animals which is specialised to pump blood in the body. The heart is…

Q: Define cardiac output, describe how it is regulated, and identify factors that affect it.

A: Cardiac muscle tissue can be defined as one of the three types of muscle tissue in our body. Cardiac…

Q: Interpret ventricular fibrillation from ECG with graph

A: In ventricular fibrillation, the ventricles attempt to contract at rates up to 500 beats per minute.…

Q: Describe the cardiac center and innervation of the heart.

A: The heart refers to an organ that pumps and provides blood supply to the body via the blood vessels.…

Q: Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of an ECG, and indicate at which point in the cardiac…

A: The cardiac cycle represents the event that occurs after the ending of one heartbeat to the start of…

Q: NAME this electrocardiogram pattern and EXPLAIN how this electrocardiogram may be caused.

A: ECG is used to check the condition of the heart. It is a graph made by the electrical signal…

Q: Explain differences between action potentials of cardiac muscle cells and those in nodal cells of…

A: On the surface of the heart, muscle fibers are arranged to form a fused interconnected mass termed a…

Q: State the location and function of Cardiac center.

A: Heart rate is defined as the speed of the heartbeat and is usually measured by the number of…

Q: Explain the effect on blood flow of mitral valveincompetence.

A: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the body and is considered the most important…

Q: Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system

A: The heart is the main organ of the human body that pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body and…

Q: Describe the electrical events of a normal electrocardiogram (ECG).

A: Electrocardiograms also called ECGs or EKGs is a simple diagnostic machine that check the…

Q: Define the terms contractility, preload, and afterload, and explain how these factors affect the…

A: Ans: Cardiac output: The heats efficiency is calculated by the volume of blood it pumps to the…

Q: Describe the placement of Einthoven’s triangle in terms of the heart and in terms of the standard…

A: Einthoven’s triangle – An imaginary triangle formed by the three standard limb lead (by both…

Q: Describe how different arrhythmias affect the ECG.

A: ECG stands for electrocardiogram. ECG is the test to check the electrical signal of the heart to…

Q: In the initial stages of ventricular fibrillation (during which the heart produces no functional…

A: The heart is the pumping organ that is responsible for circulating the blood to different parts of…

Q: Define cardiac output and given numerical values compute the cardiac output

A: Cardiac output is a term which describes the amount of blood being pumped by the heart through the…

Q: With necessary figure explain effect of Power line interference on ECG recording.

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is that which checks the heart that is functioning by measuring the…

Q: . In a normal individual, heart rate can be determined by the in an ECG.

A: ECG stands for Electrocardiogram.  It is a test which measures the electrical activity of heart.…

Q: Explain why part of the myocardium is nonfunctionalfollowing myocardial infarction.

A: The heart supplies blood to different parts of the body. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the…

Q: erpreting an ECG ECG interpretation. Following are two tracings for which you will calculate the…

A: 2.To calculate the heart rate multiply the number of QRS complexes by six.   In tracing 1: there are…

Q: Describe the components of the left atrioventricular valve.

A: The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The…

Q: In a normal EKG, in the pre- cordial leads (V leads) where should the normal 2 wave transition coour

A: One of the important steps in decoding associate electrocardiogram (EKG) is deciding the electrical…

Q: The onset of the QRS complex of the ECG is most closely related to which of the following cardiac…

A: Isovolumetric ventricular contraction - This phase marks the beginning of systole and starts with…

Q: Explain how the blood volume in the left ventricle changes throughout the cardiac cycle in response…

A: Answer:  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM : In all multicellular organisms there is a system which transports…

Q: Name three mechanisms that can increase cardiacoutput.

A: The amount of blood that the heart pumps, each minute is defined by the term known as cardiac…

Q: Conceptualize in Color Electrocardiogram Color each part of the ECG waveform shown here as…

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical signals of the heart. It records electrical…

Q: Describe the control of cardiac function by the autonomic nerves

A: ANS ( Autonomic Nervous system ) is responsible for controlling many physiological functions…

Q: Explain the generation of cardiac action potential. Describe the cardiac conduction system and…

A: Introduction Cardiac action potential includes the changes in the membrane potential across the cell…

Q: Fill in the blank:  During ventricular contraction, the A-V valves (tricuspid and bicuspid valves)…

A: Cardiac cycle is the event that is initiated by spontaneous generation of an action potential in the…

Q: Interpret Accessory pathway tachycardias from ECG with graph

A: Accessory pathway tachycardias is a condition associated with heart. Heart is a vital organ that is…

Q: Interpret Heart block from ECG with graph

A: ECG stands for electrocardiogram. It is a technique in which the cardiac action potentials of the…

Q: If an EKG strip is missing normal QRS complex, the rhythm can all be of the following, EXCEPT:

A: Torsades de pointes is a special type of ventricular tachycardia or fast heart rhythm which starts…

Q: After the AV node depolarizes , the next event directly following is A) AV bundle depolarization C)…

A: After passing through the AV node, the electrical current then continues down the conduction…

Q: Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

A: Cardiac system or in clinical terms , the cardiovascular system is defined by the entire organ…

Q: Describe the spread of the action potential through the heart’s conduction system.

A: A transient shift in voltage (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart cells is…

Q: Define bradycardia

A: Bradycardia is the condition related to the heart. Heart is one of the vital organs responsible for…

Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs

Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.

Sensory Receptors

The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.