Explain the contribution of antigenic determinant is false negative and false positive tes

Q: A person who has been vaccinated against a disease should have primarily which of these types of…

A: Immunology deals with the study of the immune cells that fight against the invading pathogens in the…

Q: A patient with a _______ titer of antibodies to an infectious agentgenerally has greater protection…

A: The human immune system has antibodies against specific antigenic targets. These antibodies act upon…

Q: Which of the following antigen-antibody reaction is used in blood ?grouping Precipitation O…

A: Blood is thick fluid that circulates through out the body in order to supply oxygen and nutrients to…

Q: An example of an in vivo serological test is a. indirect immunofl uorescence b. radioimmunoassay c.…

A: The scientific studies of serum and other body fluids are collectively known as serological tests.…

Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…

A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…

Q: What is immunoassay? Differentiate direct and indirect immunoasay tests.

A: In immunology, antigen (Ag) refers to any particle or object that is capable of elucidating immune…

Q: Rh antibodies are: IgM IgG IgE IgA IgD

A: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins, they are also called as immunoglobulins. Each…

Q: In (b), why would it be more efficient to use labeled anti-human IgG rather than label the patient’s…

A: In direct method of antigen detection, the primary antibody is directly attached to a label. It…

Q: Describe the procedures for an ELISA test for the HIV antibodies in patients

A: HIV an influenza virus enters the cell by using endocytosis procedure. HIV is called as human…

Q: e the following animals are vaccinated:

A: A weak form of pathogen is inserted into the host body to produce antibodies and this process is…

Q: Haptens Require carrier molecules to be immunogenic Interact with specific antibodies even if the…

A: Introduction :- A hapten is a material that can bind to a particular antibody but is not itself…

Q: If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it will clump with antigen B such clumping indicates…

A: ABO blood grouping system is defined as the process where based on the inherited properties of the…

Q: Explain the differences between direct and indirect procedures inimmunoassay tests, giving examples.

A: Immunoassays are biochemical test based on antigen-antibody interactions. It is used to determine…

Q: Match the antibody classes with their characteristics:  IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD Most efficient for…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  ANTIBODIES  In our blood 20 percent proteins are antibodies. These are…

Q: When is Direct Coombs test done? A. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia B. Drug induced red cells…

A: The Coombs test is one of the landmark tests in preventing life-threatening complications and has…

Q: I| HO CH,OH CH;ČNH Protein в A II CH2OH HO ČH4OH OH IV Is the antigenic determinant reducing or…

A: Glycans:  These are chain-like structures made up of monosaccharides (single sugar molecules)…

Q: The conjugated -antibody can be either primary antibody or the secondary antibody True False

A: Primary antibody binds to antigen while secondary antibodies bind to primary antibody Fc region. Fc…

Q: Describe briefly at least Psoriasis an autoimmune disorder according to:  General Characteristic/s…

A: The immune system of the body generally responds to foreign pathogens and particles entering the…

Q: When a patient goes from testing negative for a specific antibody to testing positive a month later…

A: An antibody or serology test is a blood test that looks for signs of a previous infection. It…

Q: In this diagram, why is anti-human IgG used in the indirect test but not in the direct test?

A: An antibody is the Y-shaped molecule that detects a particular antigen specifically. An antigen has…

Q: antibodies

A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…

Q: A positive ELISA result with a negative control is called a: A.false positive   B. false negative

A: A negative control is a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that isn't expected to…

Q: Antibodies can be divided into monoclonal and polyclonal. State the main difference between them.…

A: Antibody It is also known as immunoglobulin. It is a Y-shaped protein. It is used by the immune…

Q: Explain the complement system under the following headlines: 1. Types 2. Activation 3. Complement…

A: the complement system is part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and…

Q: The sandwich type of ELISA detects patient antibodies to an antigen.

A: Antigen and antibody reactions are specific. The epitope of the antigen binds to the paratope of the…

Q: Basic Antibody Štructure Label. Light Chain Heavy Chain Antigen Binding Site 11

A: Immunoglobulins are proteins that are related to the immune system and are called antibodies. Each…

Q: Name 3 characteristics of a “good’ immunogen 2 sentences for each characteristics

A: An immunogen is a specific type of antigen that is able to elicit an immune response. Antibody…

Q: Is the antigenic determinant reducing or non-reducing?     reducing     non-reducing     both…

A: Monosaccharides are linked together by chemical bonds to form these Glycan chain-like structures.…

Q: Non-immunogen can be converted to immunogen by binding with carrier Select one: True False

A: An immunogen refers to any molecule/ stimulus that can bring about an immune response. This immune…

Q: Which Uknown 1 or 2, have antibodies for chicken gamma globulin antigen, also can you label the…

A: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay : Horseradish phosphatase, BCIP/NBT (5-Bromo…

Q: B cells may be activated without TH (T Helper) cells to produce IgM antibodies. A) True False

A: Antibodies are secreted by the plasma B cells. These are basically the proteins that are produced by…

Q: The concentration (or titer) of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a(n) test.…

A: Introduction :- Antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure, as well as any foreign…

Q: Which is more immunogenic BSA in Freund’s complete adjuvant BSA in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant

A: Adjuvant are used to prolong the presence of antigen.

Q: Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.

A: HIV is a virus than can cause AIDS  if not treated .ELISA is the one of the test to screen HIV .…

Q: Specificity of the New Rapid test For HIV Sensitivity of the New Rapid test For HIV Positive…

A: Interpretations of test: Specificity: it tells about those who don't have the disease.  Sensitivity:…

Q: Describe briefly at least 3 different autoimmune disorders according to:

A: In autoimmune disorders the immune system of the body attacks own body cells and causes damage in…

Q: Antibody titer is the reciprocal of the highest dilution of the patient’s serum in which the…

A: The immunological techniques are the methods to detect the presence of specific antibody or protein…

Q: The TB skin test is usually negative in AIDS patients. Why?

A: The TB skin test is also called the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). The TB skin test is…

Q: Initial vaccination 0 1 3 4 6. Time (weeks) Referring to the plot shown above, the response shown…

A: Introduction : The antibody Titer is a test that detects the presence and measures the amount of…

Q: Why is testing for rhesus (Rh) antigens and antibodies different from ABO testing

A: Blood classification tests are done before an individual gets a blood bonding and to check a…

Q: n immunoassay what is a secondary antibody? Antibodies used to recognize antigens. They confer…

A: .Antibodies are specific to the antigen. in an immunoassay specific antibodies are created which…

Q: 1. Serum levels of which antibody is indicative of recent infection?? which antibody isotypes…

A: Antibodies are specialized, Y-shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key to the body's foreign…

Q: Write down the steps followed in monoclonal antibodies production.

A: Antibodies --( Immunoglobulin)-- Antibodies , a specialized immune protein develop inside the body…

Q: Determine the cell of the immune system responsible for processing antigen presented in a patch…

A: ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL: A heterogeneous collection of immune cells called antigen presenting cells…

Q: the immunohematology test that is incubated after collection is a- Group and Rh b- Cross match c-…

A: Antibodies are the most vital component of our immune system. They fight against different antigens…