Explain the difference between macrostates (external arrangements of particles) and microstates (internal arrangements of particles).

Q: examples of application of the second law of thermodynamics

A: According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the total entropy of any system will always either…

Q: Determine the standard free energy change, ΔG°,

A: Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S  Δ H =  625.5 kJ  ∆S° = 450.0 J/K = 450 x 10-3 KJ/K T = 25.0°C + 273 = 298K

Q: Explain how the internal energy and entropy of a system composed of two levels vary with…

A: SOLUTION: Step 1: Consider a two-state system in which the lower state is assigned an energy equal…

Q: How Gibbs free energy is determined by the volume of the substance ?

A: To find: relation between Gibbs free energy and volume?

Q: Describe the second law of thermodynamics and its importance in determining the spontaneity of a…

A: The second law of thermodynamics states that "the entropy of an isolated system always increases and…

Q: 5-Define these terms: system, surroundings, open system, closed system, isolated system, and the…

A: Thermodynamics is branch of science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of…

Q: he sum of the entropy changes of the system and the surroundings (∆SSYS + ∆SSURR) are:

A:

Q: A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September and returns in June. No one has entered the cottage…

A: A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September and returns in June. No one has entered the cottage…

Q: istinguish between spontaneous and reversible process

A: There are certain processes which helps to study about the reaction completion, whether the reaction…

Q: A system contains 859 particles and has 4.43 x 1025 possible configurations. What is the entropy of…

A:

Q: Water vapor can be produced in two different processes as represented below. 1. In terms of concept…

A: Entropy is defined as Randomness or disorder. solid structure is more arranged than liquid or we can…

Q: Explain the single criterion for a physical process to be classified as spontaneous.

A: Spontaneous processes are the changes occur without work to be done on the system and it occurs…

Q: State the third law of thermodynamics. How is it interpreted in a microscopic thermodynamic sense?

A:

Q: It refers to how a circumstance can occur without the help of any external factors? a. Enthalpy O b.…

A:

Q: The process of a cooked hamburger becoming raw is spontaneous. True or False?

A: There are two type of reaction occurs in chemistry: spontaneous and non spontaneous reaction.

Q: Which thermodynamic quantities are not a state function?

A: Both path and state functions are frequently faced in thermodynamics. A thermodynamic property whose…

Q: Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics and how they relate tochemical reactions.

A: To find: The description about first and second laws of thermodynamics

Q: A certain reaction has ∆?°= -19.5KJ and ∆S°= 42.7 J/K, does the reaction lead to an increase or…

A: here in given question change in entropy is given positive it means as reaction move forward entropy…

Q: What is the chemical significance of a negative enthalpy change and a negative entropy change?

A: Enthalpy change is nothing but the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical reaction at…

Q: From your knowledge of microstates and the structure of liquid water, explain the difference in…

A: Finding: Microstates To find Structure of liquid water

Q: III of thermodynamics. Explain your law.

A:

Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about the third law of thermodynamics ? O The entropy…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of science which deals woth the study of energy changes and their…

Q: In the expression, S = k ln W, W is called the number of microstates. Explain clearly the meaning of…

A: There is a constant redistribution of energy among the particles in a system.  At one instance,…

Q: What is the application of standard Gibbs free-energy to processes and reactions What is its…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: Explain the difference between macrostates and microstates?

A: Macrostates and microstates are two chemical concepts which is involved in thermodynamic system. The…

Q: Standard molar entropies for CO(g), CO2(g), and O2(g) are 197.9, 214.0, and 205.0 in J/mol K,…

A: Entropy Entropy is the measure of disorder in a reaction. When an amount of energy is added to a…

Q: If energy can flow in and out of the system to maintain a constant temperature during the process,…

A: Given, If energy can flow in and out of the system to maintain a constant temperature during the…

Q: Under what circumstance can the entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: The entropy tells the randomness present in the system due to its disorderness created in the system…

Q: List the 3 conditions necessary for determining the standard change in a thermodynamic property,…

A: S is the entropy or the randomness of the thermodynamic system.  G is the Gibbs free energy of the…

Q: Consider a system of three particles in a container that is mentally divided in half.  You can think…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Consider a process in which the entropy of a system increases by 105 J K−1 and the entropy of the…

A: Given information,    The entropy of a system increases by 105 J K−1    The entropy of the…

Q: 4. According to the 2 law of thermodynamics, ASi must be positive for a process to be spontaneous.…

A: SYSTEM: System is that part of universe which we are experimenting on or which we are considering.…

Q: 3. The maximum quantity of energy available for useful work in a system undergoing change is: A)…

A: The maximum amount of useful work is the work that has been done including expenditure of energy.

Q: How can we use Chemical Thermodynamics to explain different processes involving entropy?

A: Entropy : It is the measure of the total randomness  of the molecules or molecular disorder in a…

Q: Consider a process in which the entropy of a system increases by 125 J K−1 and the entropy of the…

A: Entropy change of the universe is the summation of entropy change of the system and entropy change…

Q: Under what circumstance can the entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process?

A: Entropy measures the degree of randomness in the system. When a substance changes its phase solid to…

Q: Does the entropy of the surroundings increase for spontaneous processes?

A: The entropy is a measure of randomness of a system. In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

Q: Define Thermodynamics ?

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of physical science which deals with the relations among heat and other…

Q: Write any two consequences of the application of the second law of thermodynamics

A: Result of any action is known as the consequence of that application.

Q: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures? Why does their tendency…

A: According to second law of thermodynamics,

Q: What is the entropy of a system that has only a single microstate?

A: Entropy is defined in the terms of randomness that a system possess or the disordered state. Change…

Q: 13. The enthalpy change, AH, of a process is defined as: The quantity of heat transferred in or out…

A: Answer:- When heat is exchanged between system and surrounding at constant volume it is called…

Q: Estimate the change in the entropy of the universe due to heat escaping from your home on a cold…

A: Entropy is a measure of randomness. The change in entropy of the universe will be given by adding…

Q: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

A: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

Q: Which one of the systems would have more entropy and why if there's 3 particles w a total energy of…

A: The systems given are, Given: The number of particles is 3 And the total energy of particles is 12…

Q: Exothermic Changes: the system by the surroundings the surroundings. The heat the freedom of motion…

A: Exothermic changes The system looses heat to the surrounding.the heat gain by the surrounding…