explain the force allowing the kidneys to retain water under more normal conditions versus when someone has drunk seawater.

Q: Explain how sodium imbalances affect cardiac function.

A: Electrolytes are chemical substances that help to conduct electricity when dissolved in body fluids.…

Q: How would uncontrolled diabetes mellitus affect urinary SG?

A: Answer: DIABETES MELLITUS = It is the chronic disease in which pancrease secreting insulin does not…

Q: What diets and pathologic conditions may affect the pH of urine? How?

A:

Q: If renal plasma clearance value of substance X Is 55 mL/min, that means. Multiple Cholce that 55 ml…

A: Introduction: The correct choice is option (a) 55ml of substance X is filtered.

Q: Explain how urine may become concentrated as it movesthrough the collecting duct.

A: Kidneys are the pair of bean shaped red color organs that are the crucial part of the excretory…

Q: Describe the three processes required for the excretion ofa hypertonic urine.

A: The liquid by product of  metabolism in humans and other animals is urine. Urine usually flows from…

Q: Explain the significance of pressures involved in filtration and reabsorption processes in the…

A: The kidneys filter far more fluid than is actually expelled in the urine (about 1.5 litres per day).…

Q: explain the development of  kidneys

A: The kidneys are located in the abdomen toward the back, normally one on each side of the spine. Each…

Q: State two vital functions of kidney.

A: The kidney resembles the kidney bean in its structure and color. The kidneys are among the most…

Q: Describe the composition and properties of normal urine

A: Urine is a metabolic waste product produced by the kidneys and released naturally through urination…

Q: What mechanisms link low systemic blood pressure in this patient to the low urine output?

A: Filteration of blood for waste takes place in the kidney' functional unit called the nephron.…

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics of normal and abnormal urine

A: Urine is a liquid by-product obtained as a result of metabolism in humans. The volume and the…

Q: Explain the change in filtration if excess glucose is presentin the blood entering the kidney.

A: The excretion process describes the elimination of waste products from the organism's body. This…

Q: Medications associated with worsening renal function

A: Chronic kidney disease, like in chronic glomerulonephritis, can result in the loss of red blood…

Q: explain how dilute and concentrated urine are formed

A: The hormone is important to regulate urine concentration and its composition. Hypothalamus gland…

Q: Explain how the kidneys work

A: Kidneys are the bean shaped organs positioned below the rib cage. Kidneys are the part of the…

Q: Explain the Reabsorption of Salt ?

A: Salt reabsorption can be defined as the process in which sodium ions and chloride ions are…

Q: Explain how various factors affect the rate of glomerularfiltration and identify ways this rate is…

A: GLOMERULAR FILTRATION - glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation that is…

Q: Explain how immobility may affect the urinary system toproduce a systemic as well as local effect.

A: Different body organs perform in a coordinated way for the maintenance of optimum body functioning.…

Q: A. Explain the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in intrinsic monitoring of the filtrate,…

A: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a structure located where the efferent arteriole meets the…

Q: Explain why the differential permeability of specific sections of the renal tubule is necessary to…

A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…

Q: Define reabsorption.

A: The kidney is the central organ of the "excretory system". A nephron is the structural and…

Q: List the Renal Mechanisms?

A: Excretion is the process through which the body’s metabolic wastes are removed. The vertebrates…

Q: Briefly describe the general mechanism of action for diuretics, and explain in detail how medication…

A: Diurectics are the drugs which promotes the sodium ions (Na+) and thus, water excretion (along with…

Q: Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine…

A: The nephrons are microscopic structures and are the structural unit of the kidney that are…

Q: Explain the movement of water between bodycompartments that results in edema.

A: Body compartments are referred to as the spaces that are present between cells, tissues, or organs…

Q: Explain how glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is maintained by renal autoregulation, decreased by…

A: Urine formation includes glomerular filteration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion.…

Q: Explain working of kidneys.

A: Human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

Q: Describe the location of the kidneys in the body

A: In human kidney are retroperitoneal organs. Kidneys are located in the rear wall of abdominal…

Q: Explain why micturition may not occur immediately afteran injury (urinary retention), but urinary…

A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that primarily functions in glomerular filtration. The nephrons…

Q: A patient exhibits the following symptoms: elevated urine ammonia and increased rate of respiration.…

A: Metabolic acidosis is the decrease in bicarbonate ions along with decrease in partial pressure of…

Q: Mention the respiratory and urinary adjustments to acidosis and alkalosis.

A: Acidosis and alkalosis refer to the abnormal conditions resulting from an imbalance in the pH of the…

Q: Name the disorder in which blood passes along the urine.

A: The drainage system of the body which is responsible for excluding the waste and extra fluid can be…

Q: define renal clearance and explain how this value summarizes the way a substance is handled by the…

A: The organ system in a body that functions to excrete the waste out of the body is termed as the…

Q: What sort of urine sample would indicate that the body has difficulty retaining water?

A: There are many reasons for the difficulty in retaining the water; one of the main reason is Diabetes…

Q: Explain the relationship between fluid and electrolyte balance and chronic kidney disease.

A: The kidneys help to maintain electrolyte concentrations by filtering electrolytes and water from the…

Q: Why is protein in the urine a sign of kidney damage? What structures in the kidney are probably…

A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that primarily function in glomerular filtration. The nephrons…

Q: Explain how kidney function is affected by heart failure?

A: The heart and kidney are interdependent on their functions. The heart pumps the oxygen-filled blood…

Q: Can Potassium abnormalities also lead to acid-base disturbances through the renal system? Explain…

A: There are important interactions between potassium and acid-base balance that involve both…

Q: State the normal range of pH for:a. bloodb. urine

A: Normal range of pH for: a. Blood The pH scale, which spans from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (strongly…

Q: Describe the functions of hornones – ADH and Aldostrone – in urinary system

A: Hormones are signaling molecules that are secreted by specialized cells that are present usually…

Q: Indicate the hormone that is NOT regulating urine production. A. Aldosterone B. Erythropoietin C.…

A: Hormones are produced from the endocrine glands. It is usually the biological enzymes that helps in…

Q: Explain the effect on hydrostatic (blood) pressure withinthe glomerular capillaries and on…

A: The afferent arteriole is the arteriole that provides blood to the glomerulus and nephrons. They…

Q: Describe the functions of the kidney.

A: The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. Each…

Q: describe function of the kidney

A: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of your spine, behind your ribs and…

Q: Explain how can the kidneys minimize the excretion until ingestion replaces the losses?

A: The organ kidney helps to remove waste and extra fluid from our bodies. It helps in the formation of…