Freshman 15, revisited In Exercise 6 you thought abouthow to design a study to see if it’s true that students tendto gain weight during their first year in college. Well,Cornell Professor of Nutrition David Levitsky did justthat. He recruited students from two large sections of an introductory health course. Although they were volun-teers, they appeared to match the rest of the freshman class in terms of demographic variables such as sex andethnicity. The students were weighed during the firstweek of the semester, then again 12 weeks later. Basedon Professor Levitsky’s data, estimate the mean weightgain in first-semester freshmen and comment on the“freshman 15.” (Weights are in pounds.) SubjectNumberInitialWeightTerminalWeightSubjectNumberInitialWeightTerminalWeight1 171 168 35 148 1502 110 111 36 164 1653 134 136 37 137 1384 115 119 38 198 2015 150 155 39 122 1246 104 106 40 146 1467 142 148 41 150 1518 120 124 42 187 1929 144 148 43 94 9610 156 154 44 105 10511 114 114 45 127 13012 121 123 46 142 14413 122 126 47 140 14314 120 115 48 107 10715 115 118 49 104 105
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
how to design a study to see if it’s true that students tend
to gain weight during their first year in college. Well,
Cornell Professor of Nutrition David Levitsky did just
that. He recruited students from two large sections of an
teers, they appeared to match the rest of the freshman
ethnicity. The students were weighed during the first
week of the semester, then again 12 weeks later. Based
on Professor Levitsky’s data, estimate the mean weight
gain in first-semester freshmen and comment on the
“freshman 15.” (Weights are in pounds.)
Number
Initial
Weight
Terminal
Weight
Subject
Number
Initial
Weight
Terminal
Weight
1 171 168 35 148 150
2 110 111 36 164 165
3 134 136 37 137 138
4 115 119 38 198 201
5 150 155 39 122 124
6 104 106 40 146 146
7 142 148 41 150 151
8 120 124 42 187 192
9 144 148 43 94 96
10 156 154 44 105 105
11 114 114 45 127 130
12 121 123 46 142 144
13 122 126 47 140 143
14 120 115 48 107 107
15 115 118 49 104 105
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