Give an IUPAC and common name for each of the following naturally occurring carboxylic acids: (a) CH3CH(OH)CO2H (lactic acid); (b) HOCH2CH2C(OH)(CH3)CH2CO2H (mevalonic acid).
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Give an IUPAC and common name for each of the following naturally occurring
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- Write structural formulas for all ketones with the molecular formula C6H12O and give each its IUPAC name. Which of these ketones are chiral?A compound with formula C7H12O is treated with sodium borohydride in methanol to yield 2,2-dimethylcylopentanol. Write a reaction scheme showing the structures of the reactant, the reagents, and the product. Will the product be optically active? Explain.The reduction of a certain alkene gave 2-methylbutane. It also gave acetic acid (CH3CO2H) as one of the products when treated with hot basic KMnO4 followed by acidification. Give the IUPAC name of this alkene.
- Diazomethane, CH2N2, is used in the organic chemistry laboratory despite its danger because it produces very high yields and is selective for reaction with carboxylic acids. Write the products of the following reactions.Three constitutional isomers of molecular formula C 5H 8O can be converted to 1-pentanol (CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2OH) on treatment with two equivalents of H 2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst. Draw the structures of the three possible compounds, all of which contain a carbonyl groupAn unknown hydrocarbon A with the formula C6H12 reacts with 1 molar equivalent of H2 over a palladium catalyst. Hydrocarbon A also reacts with OsO4 to give diol B. When oxidized with KMnO4 in acidic solution, A gives two fragments. One fragment is propanoic acid, CH3CH2CO2H, and the other fragment is ketone C. What are the structures of A, B, and C? Write all reactions, and show your reasoning.
- When alkyne A is treated with NaNH2 followed by CH3I, a product having molecular formula C6H10O is formed, but it is not compound B. What is the structure of the product, and why is it formed?Give the IUPAC name of the alkyne that produces only propanoic acid (CH3CH2CO2H) when treated with ozone followed by hydrolysis.Compound A and compound B are different alcohols with the same molecular formula of C4H10O. When reacted with chromic acid (H2CrO4), compound A and compound B produce compound C and compound D, respectively. Compound C has a molecular formula of C4H8O2. Compound E is obtained when compound A reacts with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) in a solvent such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Draw the structure of compound A, B, C, D and E.
- Write structural formulas for all aldehydes with the molecular formula C6H12O and give each its IUPAC name. Which of these aldehydes are chiralAn unknown hydrocarbon A with the formula C6H12 reacts with 1 molar equivalent of H2 over a palladium catalyst to give hydrocarbon B. Hydrocarbon A also reacts with OsO4 to give the glycol C. When oxidized with KMnO4 in acidic solution, A gives two fragments. One fragment is propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, and the other fragment is ketone D (R2C=O). What are the structures of A, B, C and D? Write all reactions.Benzoic acid, Ph-COOH (C6H5CO2H), is not soluble in water while it dissolves in ether (diethyl ether), (CH3CH2)2O. Yet upon treatment with sodium hydroxide, benzoic acid turns hydrophilic and dissolves in water. Provide chemical explanation of this observation.