Give examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b) translation.
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Give examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by
regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b)
translation.
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- Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?If a fertilized Drosophila egg is punctured at the anterior end and a small amount of cytoplasm is allowed to leak out, what will be the most likely effect on the development of the fly embryo?Distinguish between the syncytial blastoderm stage and the cellular blastoderm stage in Drosophila embryogenesis.
- State the function of homeotic genes. Describe how nurse cells in fruit flies can affect larval development independent of the larval genotype.When in fruit fly development does axes development begin? A. in the unfertilized egg stage when maternal effect genes deposit mRNA and proteins in specific locations B. in the early embryo stage when induction signals between neighboring cells identify where the cells are in three-dimensional space C. in the larval stage when body segments appear, and pattern formation is evident D. in the pupal stage when a gradient of morphogens is establishedExplain hoxA3 and HoxD3 genes are nearly equivalent yet they play distinct roles in the development of mouse.
- Explain the importance of differential gene expression in developmentindicate the stage at which segmentation genes, homeotic genes, and egg-polarity genes would have an effect on development.What are morphogens? Explain how they influence tissue patterning during embryonic development. Describe TWO specific examples to support your explanation.