Giving an example of each describe the following reactions : (i) Hoffman bromamide reaction (ii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis (iii) Gatterman reaction (iv) Coupling reaction (v) Hoffman’s ammonolysis

52. For an acid-catalyzed hydration of acetaldehyde to produce a diol, which is the correct first-step in the mechanism for this reaction? H3O+ HO OH , (A) H3C CO H₂C-CH (B) Co H₂C-C.H H-Ö H O H H H₂C-C.H C-CH H₁C-CH

Balance the reactions. A hint is provided to help you decide if the reaction will proceed as written, ie from left to right. Do not leave any fractions. 1. a) Balance Al₂O3 → Al + 0₂ b) What type of reaction is this? c) Is this a redox rx, yes / no ? d) The reaction will go from left to right, yes / no ? (hint: O₂ is very reactive) 2. a) Balance HNO3 + AI → b) What type of reaction is this? c) Is this a redox rx, yes / no ? d) The reaction will go from left to right, yes / no ? (hint: aluminum is a reactive metal, and a gas escapes) C7H14 + 0₂ 3. a) Balance, leave no fractions b) What type of reaction is this? c) Is this a redox rx, yes / no ? d) The reaction will go from left to right, yes / no ? (hint: O₂ is very reactive) H2(g) + AI(NO3)3 → CO₂ + H₂O

Suggest to biochemistry

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U Below are three hypothetical reaction intermediates: 2 CH3 CH3 C=0- C=0- H-C- H-C-H H-C- Н 3 CH3 -C=0 Note the carbanion on each intermediate. Which of the following are true? (Pick two.) Compound 1 is the lowest energy of the three intermediates. Compound 2 is the lowest energy of the three intermediates. Compound 3 is the lowest energy of the three intermediates. Resonance with the carbonyl oxygen (arrow) stabilizes the carbanion shown on compound 1 Resonance with the carbonyl oxygen (arrow) stabilizes the carbanion shown on compound 2

The following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1.   1. Which of the following terms best describes the progress of the reaction with respect to free energy change? a) endergonic, ∆G> 0 b) exergonic, ∆G> 0 c) exergonic, ∆G< 0 d) endergonic, ∆G< 0   2. Which of the following in Figure 8.1 remains unchanged by having an enzyme included? a) b b) d c) a       d) c   3. The part labeled “C” on the above graph represents a) Energy of activation without enzyme b) Energy of activation with enzyme c) Amount of free energy released d) amount of energy required for the reaction progress

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What is the purpose of using excess alcohol in a Fischer Esterification? 1) Using excess alcohol pushes the equilibrium reaction to the left, increasing the production of isopentyl acetate via Le Chatelier's principle. 2) Using excess alcohol pushes the equilibrium reaction to the right, decreasing the production of isopentyl acetate via Le Chatelier's principle. 3) Using excess alcohol pushes the equilibrium reaction to the left, decreasing the production of isopentyl acetate via Le Chatelier's principle. 4) Using excess alcohol pushes the equilibrium reaction to the right, increasing the production of isopentyl acetate via Le Chatelier's principle.