Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Bartleby Related Questions Icon

Related questions

Question

Show stepwise mechanism by pushing arrows (fishhook) and drawing ALL intermediates. Draw a detailed mechanism for the addition of HBr to 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene in the presence of dimethlyperoxide. Show and label all steps including, initiation, propagation, and termination.

### Electrophilic Addition Reaction of Alkenes: Reaction with HBr

In this diagram, we observe the electrophilic addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen bromide (HBr) molecule.

#### Reactants:

1. **Alkene**: The structure of the reactant alkene is depicted on the left side of the image. It includes:
   - A double bond between two carbon atoms (indicated by the double line).
   - Two additional single bonds extending from the central carbon atoms forming a branched structure with a methyl group.

2. **Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)**: Denoted by the chemical symbol "HBr" above the arrow.

#### Reaction Description:

- The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical reaction, moving from the alkene (left) to the product (right).
- The presence of HBr signifies that the alkene undergoes an electrophilic addition reaction where HBr adds across the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene.

#### Products:

The resulting product structure is depicted on the right side of the image, displaying:
   - The original carbon chain modified through the addition reaction.
   - The double bond in the alkene is broken, resulting in single bonds.
   - A bromine (Br) atom is added to one of the carbon atoms that were previously part of the double bond.
   - The hydrogen (H) atom from HBr is added to the other carbon atom from the double bond.

### Explanation of the Electrophilic Addition Reaction

In an electrophilic addition reaction, the pi electrons of the alkene double bond react with the electrophile (HBr in this case). The double bond breaks, and the electrophile is added to the resulting single-bonded carbon atoms. This type of reaction typically proceeds via a two-step mechanism involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

### Visualization of the Reaction Process:

1. **Initial Alkene Structure**: A branched alkene with a double bond.
2. **Interaction with HBr**: The double bond interacts with the HBr molecule.
3. **Product Formation**: The double bond is converted into two single bonds, with H and Br atoms added to the newly single-bonded carbons.

Understanding such reactions is pivotal in organic chemistry, as they form the foundation for synthesizing a wide array of organic compounds.
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:### Electrophilic Addition Reaction of Alkenes: Reaction with HBr In this diagram, we observe the electrophilic addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen bromide (HBr) molecule. #### Reactants: 1. **Alkene**: The structure of the reactant alkene is depicted on the left side of the image. It includes: - A double bond between two carbon atoms (indicated by the double line). - Two additional single bonds extending from the central carbon atoms forming a branched structure with a methyl group. 2. **Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)**: Denoted by the chemical symbol "HBr" above the arrow. #### Reaction Description: - The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical reaction, moving from the alkene (left) to the product (right). - The presence of HBr signifies that the alkene undergoes an electrophilic addition reaction where HBr adds across the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene. #### Products: The resulting product structure is depicted on the right side of the image, displaying: - The original carbon chain modified through the addition reaction. - The double bond in the alkene is broken, resulting in single bonds. - A bromine (Br) atom is added to one of the carbon atoms that were previously part of the double bond. - The hydrogen (H) atom from HBr is added to the other carbon atom from the double bond. ### Explanation of the Electrophilic Addition Reaction In an electrophilic addition reaction, the pi electrons of the alkene double bond react with the electrophile (HBr in this case). The double bond breaks, and the electrophile is added to the resulting single-bonded carbon atoms. This type of reaction typically proceeds via a two-step mechanism involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate. ### Visualization of the Reaction Process: 1. **Initial Alkene Structure**: A branched alkene with a double bond. 2. **Interaction with HBr**: The double bond interacts with the HBr molecule. 3. **Product Formation**: The double bond is converted into two single bonds, with H and Br atoms added to the newly single-bonded carbons. Understanding such reactions is pivotal in organic chemistry, as they form the foundation for synthesizing a wide array of organic compounds.
Expert Solution
Check Mark
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY