How can a system or chemical reaction have a negative entropy change and be spontaneous?

Q: Why is the standard entropy of a substance in the gas state greater than its standard entropy in the…

A: The intermolecular force between gas molecules is less than the intermolecular force between liquid…

Q: If a reaction occurs very slowly and is endothermic then it cannot be spontaneous. True or false?

A: Spontanious reaction means the ability of the reaction to procede to right right i.e. towards the…

Q: Describe Gibbs Free Energy?

A: The second law of thermodynamics is introduced to explain the spontaneity or feasibility of…

Q: a spontaneous process increass the entropy of ? the system the surroundings  the universe  None…

A: Answer is option (c) entropy of the universe increase

Q: In a particular spontaneous process, the entropy of the system decreases. What can you conclude…

A: Spontaneous process: In thermodynamical terms, a spontaneous process is a process in which…

Q: Define importance of second law of thermodynamics and knowing entropy

A: There are four laws of thermodynamics such as zeroth law of thermodynamics, 1st law of…

Q: Discuss the Free Energy under Nonstandard Conditions?

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Q: Describe how entropy and enthalpy combine for the overall determination of spontaneity. What values…

A: The Gibbs equation, shown in equation (1) where ΔH is the enthalpy change, ΔS is the entropy change,…

Q: Explain how the entropy of a system is related to the number ofpossible microstates?

A: To find: The relation between the entropy and number of possible microstates

Q: Which of the following is TRUE for a spontaneous process? Ο ΔΗΤAS

A: In this question we have to tell the condition for the spontaneous process.

Q: How can you calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies?

A: The standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies can be calculated by…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE Entropy of a system decreases with decrease in Temperature.

A: Entropy of a system decreases with decrease in temperature is true or false ?

Q: Under what circumstances does entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: For any  spontaneous process, the value of Gibbs free energy change i.e ΔG should be -ve And since…

Q: When is Gibbs free energy negative? If is it spontaneous or non-spotaneous?

A: Gibbs free energy change is a thermodynamic parameter, which is associated with the enthalpy and…

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under standard state…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: According to the second law of thermodynamics, a system and its surroundings spontaneously tend…

A: according to second law of thermodynamics a system and its surroundings spontaneously tend toward…

Q: What do standard states have to do with free-energy changes?

A: Standard state is like the reference state of the substance, the phase of the substance usually…

Q: What is the chemical significance of a negative enthalpy change and a negative entropy change?

A: Enthalpy change is nothing but the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical reaction at…

Q: How does the molar entropy of a substance change with increasing temperature?

A: The randomness of the system is measured by the term, called entropy. The entropy of a system is an…

Q: How is the third law of thermodynamics interpreted in a microscopic thermodynamic sense

A: According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at 0 K. It is…

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3Hg, under the standard…

A:

Q: In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the system always increases. True or False

A: The overall spontaneity of the reaction is determined by the Gibbs free energy change, (∆G) If the…

Q: What is the change in entropy (positive, negative, or zero) for the system? Sugar crystals are…

A: When solid dissolved in water, the entropy increases; but considering sugar that is larger when…

Q: What is the application of standard Gibbs free-energy to processes and reactions What is its…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: If energy can flow in and out of the system to maintain a constant temperature during the process,…

A: Given, If energy can flow in and out of the system to maintain a constant temperature during the…

Q: Under what circumstance can the entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: The entropy tells the randomness present in the system due to its disorderness created in the system…

Q: If a process is exothermic, does the entropy of the surroundings (a) alwaysincrease, (b) always…

A: Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder. Spontaneous changes always go from a more ordered…

Q: b. How are the internal energies of chemical substances changed in a chemical reaction? State and…

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Q: 2.1. For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b)…

A: a. During this constant temperature or isothermal, expansion into a vacuum, the gas does no work (w…

Q: For which of the processes does the entropy of the system increase?

A: The disorderness or randomness present in a molecule is termed as its entropy.

Q: Explain why changes in both enthalpy and entropy determine the spontaneity of a process.

A:

Q: What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at 0 K? What is the significance of the answer to this…

A: The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy of a pure crystal at a temperature of zero…

Q: Explain in molecular terms why the entropy of a gas increases (a) with volume, (b) with temperature.

A: (a) The dispersion of energy and matter in the system indicates the entropy. By increasing volume…

Q: According to the second law of thermodynamics for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

A: To find: For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe

Q: Under what circumstance can the enthalpy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process?

A: Entropy measures the degree of randomness in the system. When a substance changes its phase solid to…

Q: What is the entropy of a system that has only a single microstate?

A: Entropy is defined in the terms of randomness that a system possess or the disordered state. Change…

Q: How does the entropy of the surroundings change duringan exothermic reaction? An endothermic…

A: Entropy of surrounding will increase during an exothermic reaction because heat is absorbed by…

Q: Not all processes in which the system increases in entropy are spontaneous. How can this observation…

A: Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases but it…

Q: The second law of thermodynamics states that _____ A) no engine can be 100% efficient B)…

A: Given: To define the second law of thermodynamics.

Q: What is entropy, and what is ΔS for a reaction, and what does it mean if ΔS is positive or negative?

A: Answer  The measurement of randomness is called entropy, entropy…

Q: Under what circumstance can the entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process?

A: For any spontaneous process process, the value of ΔG < 0 And since ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

Q: For which of the following reactions will the entropy of the system decrease?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  . Greater the…

Q: Calculate the change in entropy

A:

Q: a decrease in the entropy of the system?

A: