How do chaperonins assist polypeptides to become fully functional proteins?

Q: Can Polypeptides Be Synthesizedin the Laboratory?

A: Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino…

Q: How is the activity of an allosteric protein modulated?

A: Proteins are the building blocks of cells and play crucial role in physiology due to the involvement…

Q: Once modified, do proteins always have the correct threedimensional structure?

A: Protein modification is important to attain the specific shape of the protein, which is crucial for…

Q: Which proteins help other polypeptides to fold into the right shape?

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…

Q: What two processes ensure that the correct amino acidis added to a growing polypeptide chain?

A: The tRNA is a transfer RNA. It reads the nucleotide present on the mRNA and translates that mRNA…

Q: How Do Polypeptides Fold into Three-DimensionalProtein Structures?

A: Proteins are composed of a long-chain of the polypeptide, which comprises of amino acid sequence…

Q: What is N-glycan microheterogeneity?

A: In eukaryotes, N glycosylation is one of the most essential post-translational modifications. Some…

Q: What is the advantage of polysomes?

A: A polyribosome or polysome is a group of ribosomes bound to an m-RNA molecule like "beads" on a…

Q: Why are multifunctional proteins necessary and/ordesirable?

A: Proteins are composed of a long chain of amino acid, which is bonded by the peptide bond. This…

Q: Is it possible to form cyclic peptides without bonds between side chains of the component amino…

A: A typical amino acid contains an amino group (-NHs), a hydrogen bond, a side chain (R group), and a…

Q: Are polar side chains hydrophobic ?

A: There are more than 300 amino acids found in nature. However, only 20 of them are present in…

Q: What factors can affect the fine structure of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cells?

A: Glycosaminoglycans are negatively charged heteropolysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide…

Q: Would the side chains in the Leu-Thr-Met-Val-Trp-Gly-Pro of a polypeptide be located on the interior…

A: 1.Amino acids that are hydrophobic (water-fearing) in nature are mostly found interior of the…

Q: What is a polysome?

A: The term mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of biomolecule…

Q: What is the Shine–Dalgarno sequence? What role does it play in protein synthesis?

A: The prokaryotic protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes where the mRNA was translated into…

Q: Explain the amino–imino forms of cytosine and adenine ?

A: Watson and Crick showed a mechanism for the spontaneous occurrence of transitions. Some of the…

Q: What are the possible phosphorylation sites in a target protein?

A: Protein phosphorylation It is defined as the process of reversible post translational modification…

Q: What is protein denaturation? Is there any change in the primary structure when a protein is…

A: Proteins are the molecular tools, which perform an astonishing variety of functions. Moreover to…

Q: What are the Characteristics Binding Site?

A: Binding sites are present in all the macromolecules such as proteins. This binding is done with…

Q: Why do acentric fragments get lost?

A: Introduction :- A chromosomal segment with no centromere is known as an acentric fragment.Acentric…

Q: what is peptide linkage?how is tripepide formed ?

A: Proteins are the building blocks of the body. They are organic molecules composed of amino acids.…

Q: How many different dipeptides can be synthesized from 20 amino acids?

A: Amino acids are organic molecules that combine together to form proteins. Thus, amino acids are…

Q: What do you name the binding between two amino acids?

A: An organic molecule comprised of a carboxyl and an amino group is known as amino acids. When amino…

Q: What are isoaccepting tRNAs?

A: Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is required during the translation process for the synthesis of…

Q: What is the TOTAL NET CHARGE of a free arginine amino acid at pH = 12.5?

A: Arginine is a basic amino acid in which three ionizable groups present. Arginine amino acid consists…

Q: What is the name for Gly-Tyr-Leu-Val Sequence?

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen but there are other…

Q: How are the deoxyribonucleotides formed?

A: A nucleotide that contains deoxyribose is called a deoxyribonucleotide. They are monomeric units of…

Q: How does a polypeptide fold to become a functioning protein?

A: Polypeptides are formed by amino acids. These amino acids are held with each other by peptide bonds.…

Q: What aspect of primary structure allows the transfer of linear nucleic acid information into the…

A: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a…

Q: What are the term of anticodon loop?

A: Anticodon loop:  at one of the two ends of the tRNA (transfer RNA) three adjacent nucleotide is…

Q: What type of bonding is responsible for the formation of the two types of secondary structures?

A: Introduction: Depending upon the degree of complexity and type of bond involved in the formation of…

Q: What are relatively small proteins with a preponderance of the basic, positively charged amino acids…

A: Amino acid such as lysine, arginine, and histidine has basic positively charged groups in their side…

Q: What is a polyprotein?

A:

Q: Can chain termination occurs at a complementary bases?

A: Yes, chain termination occurs at a complementary bases

Q: What are the functions of thesurprisingly large amount of unfoldedpolypeptide chain found in…

A: Protein polypeptide chains are linear polymers that are formed from a repertoire of 20 different…

Q: How does an unfolded polypeptide chain acquire the form of the native protein?

A: Native proteins are proteins that are in their assembled or folded form. These proteins are fully…

Q: What is an oligopeptide? How is it different from a polypeptide?

A: Peptides can be defined as the short chains present between two and fifty amino acids, joined by…

Q: How does the hydrophobic effect drive the formation of globular proteins?

A: Globular proteins are spherical in shape and are the most abundant proteins. All the globular…

Q: What is the Quarternary structure of leptin

A: Leptin is a protein hormone released from the adipose fat tissues. This hormone is secreted in…

Q: Write the anticodons for the following amino acids: a) Met   b) Trp    c)  Ser    d)   Leu

A: The codon is defined as a sequence of three RNA or DNA bases, which correspond with a specific amino…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.