Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
1 Basic Concepts Of Chemistry 2 Atoms Molecules And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions 4 Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions 5 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Energy And Chemical Reactions 6 The Structure Of Atoms 7 The Structure Of Atoms And Periodic Trends 8 Bonding And Molecular Structure 9 Bonding And Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization And Molecular Orbitals 10 Gases And Their Properties 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids 12 The Solid State 13 Solutions And Their Behavior 14 Chemical Kinetics: The Rates Of Chemical Reactions 15 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria 16 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: The Chemistry Of Acids And Bases 17 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Other Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibria 18 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy And Free Energy 19 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions 20 Environmental Chemistry-earth's Environment, Energy, And Sustainability 21 The Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements 22 The Chemistry Of The Transistion Elements 23 Carbon: Not Just Another Element 24 Biochemistry 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter4: Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions
4.1 Mass Relationships In Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry 4.2 Reactions In Which One Reactant Is Present In Limited Supply 4.3 Percent Yield 4.4 Chemical Equations And Chemical Analysis 4.5 Measuring Concentrations Of Compounds In Solution 4.6 Ph, A Concentration Scale For Acids And Bases 4.7 Stoichiometry Of Reactions In Aqueous Solution-fundamentals 4.8 Stoichiometry Of Reactions In Aqueous Solution-titrations 4.9 Spectrophotometry Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PS: The reaction of iron(III) oxide with aluminum to give molten iron is known as the thermite reaction... Problem 2PS: What mass of HCI, in grams, is required to react with 0.750 g of Al(OH)3? What mass of water, in... Problem 3PS: Like many metals, aluminum reacts with a halogen (here the orange-brown liquid Br2) to give a metal... Problem 4PS: The balanced equation for the reduction of iron ore to the metal using CO is Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) 2... Problem 5PS: Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen. (a) What are the products of the reaction? (b) Write the balanced... Problem 6PS: The formation of water-Insoluble silver chloride is useful in the analysis of chloride-containing... Problem 7PS: The metals industry was a major source of air pollution years ago. One common process involved... Problem 8PS Problem 9PS: Chromium metal reacts with oxygen to give chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3. (a) Write a balanced equation... Problem 10PS: Ethane, C2H6, burns in oxygen. (a) What are the products of the reaction? (b) Write the balanced... Problem 11PS Problem 12PS: Ammonia gas can be prepared by the reaction of a metal oxide such as calcium oxide with ammonium... Problem 13PS: The compound SF6 is made by burning sulfur in an atmosphere of fluorine. The balanced equation is... Problem 14PS: Disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is used to vulcanize rubber. It can be made by treating molten sulfur... Problem 15PS: The reaction of methane and water is one way to prepare hydrogen for use as a fuel: CH4(g) + H2O(g) ... Problem 16PS: Aluminum chloride AlCl3, is made by treating scrap aluminum with chlorine. 2 Al(s) + 3 Cl3(g) 2... Problem 17PS: In the thermite reaction, iron(III) oxide is reduced by aluminum to give molten iron Fe2O3(S) + 2... Problem 18PS: Aspirin, C6H4 (OCOCH3) CO3H, is produced by the reaction of salicylic acid, C6H4(OH)CO2H, and acetic... Problem 19PS: In Example 4.2, you found that a particular mixture of CO and H2 could produce 407 g CH3OH. CO(g) +... Problem 20PS: Ammonia gas can be prepared by the following reaction: CaO(s) + 2 NH4Cl(s) 2 NH3(g) + H2O(g) +... Problem 21PS: The deep blue compound Cu(NH3)4S04 is made by the reaction of copper(II) sulfate and ammonia... Problem 22PS: Black smokers are found in the depths of the oceans. Thinking that the conditions in these smokers... Problem 23PS: The reaction of methane and water is one way to prepare hydrogen for use as a fuel: CH4(g) + H2O(g) ... Problem 24PS: Methanol, CH3OH, can be prepared from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(l) What... Problem 25PS: A mixture of CuSO4 and CuSO4.5 H2O has a mass of 1.245 g. After heating to drive off all the water,... Problem 26PS: A 2.634-g sample containing impure CuCl2 2 H2O was heated. The sample mass after heating to drive... Problem 27PS Problem 28PS Problem 29PS: Nickel(II) sulfide, NiS, occurs naturally as the relatively rare mineral millerite. One of its... Problem 30PS: The aluminum in a 0.764-g sample of an unknown material was precipitated as aluminum hydroxide,... Problem 31PS Problem 32PS: Mesitylene is a liquid hydrocarbon Burning 0.115 g of the compound in oxygen gives 0.379 g of CO2... Problem 33PS: Naphthalene is a hydrocarbon that once was used in mothballs. If 0.3093 g of the compound is burned... Problem 34PS: Azulene is a beautiful blue hydrocarbon. If 0.106 g of the compound is burned in oxygen, 0.364 g of... Problem 35PS: An unknown compound has the formula CxHyOz. You burn 0.0956 g of the compound and isolate 0.1356 g... Problem 36PS: An unknown compound has the formula CxHyOz. You burn 0.1523 g of the compound and isolate 0.3718 g... Problem 37PS: Nickel forms a compound with carbon monoxide, Nix(CO)y. To determine its formula, you carefully heat... Problem 38PS: To find the formula of a compound composed of iron and carbon monoxide, Fex(CO)yx, the compound is... Problem 39PS: If 6.73 g of Na2CO3 is dissolved in enough water to make 250. mL of solution, what is the molar... Problem 40PS: Some potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), 2.335 g, is dissolved in enough water to make exactly 500. mL... Problem 41PS: What is the mass of solute, in grams, in 250, mL of a 0.0125 M solution of KMnO4? Problem 42PS Problem 43PS: What volume of 0123 M NaOH, in milliliters, contains 25.0 g of NaOH? Problem 44PS: What volume of 2.06 M KMnO4, in liters, contains 322 g of solute? Problem 45PS: Identify the ions that exist in each aqueous solution, and specify the concentration of each ion.... Problem 46PS: Identify the ions that exist in each aqueous solution, and specify the concentration of each ion.... Problem 47PS: An experiment in your laboratory requires 500. mL of a 0.0200 M solution of Na2CO3. You are given... Problem 48PS: What mass of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is required to prepare 250. mL of a solution that has a... Problem 49PS: If you dilute 25.0 mL of 1.50 M hydrochloric acid to 500. mL, what is the molar concentration of the... Problem 50PS: If 4.00 mL of 0.0250 M CuSO4 is diluted to 10.0 mL with pure water, what is the molar concentration... Problem 51PS: Which of the following methods would you use to prepare 1.00 L of 0.125 M H2SO4? (a) Dilute 20.8 mL... Problem 52PS: Which of the following methods would you use to prepare 300. mL of 0.500 M K2Cr2O7? (a) Add 30.0 mL... Problem 53PS: You have 250. mL of 0.136 M HCl. Using a volumetric pipet, you take 25.00 mL of that solution and... Problem 54PS Problem 55PS: A table wine has a pH of 3.40. What is the hydronium ion concentration of the wine? Is it acidic or... Problem 56PS: A saturated solution of milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)2, has a pH of 10.5. What is the hydronium ion... Problem 57PS Problem 58PS Problem 59PS Problem 60PS Problem 61PS Problem 62PS: What mass of Na2CO3, in grams, is required for complete reaction with 50.0 mL of 0.125 M HNO3?... Problem 63PS: When an electric current is passed through an aqueous solution of NaCI, the valuable industrial... Problem 64PS: Hydrazine, N2H4, a base like ammonia, can react with sulfuric add. 2 N2H4(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2... Problem 65PS: In the photographic developing process, silver bromide is dissolved by adding sodium thiosulfate.... Problem 66PS: You can dissolve an aluminum soft drink can in an aqueous base such as potassium hydroxide. 2 Al(s)... Problem 67PS: What volume of 0.750 M Pb(NO3)2, in milliliters, is required to react completely with 1.00 L of 2.25... Problem 68PS: What volume of 0.125 M oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is required to react with 35.2 mL of 0.546 M NaOH?... Problem 69PS: What volume of 0.812 M HCI, in milliliters, is required to titrate 1.45 g of NaOH to the equivalence... Problem 70PS: What volume of 0.955 M HCl, in milliliters, is required to titrate 2.152 g of Na2CO3 to the... Problem 71PS: If 38.55 mL of HCI is required to titrate 2.150 g of Na2CO3 according to the following equation,... Problem 72PS: Potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHCgH4O4, is used to standardize solutions of bases. The acidic anion... Problem 73PS: You have 0.954 g of an unknown acid, H2A, which reacts with NaOH according to the balanced equation... Problem 74PS: An unknown solid acid is either citric acid or tartaric acid. To determine which acid you have, you... Problem 75PS: To analyze an iron-containing compound, you convert all the iron to Fe2+ in aqueous solution and... Problem 76PS: Vitamin C has the formula C6H8O6. Besides being an acid, it is a reducing agent. One method for... Problem 77PS Problem 79GQ: Suppose 16.04 g of benzene, C6H6, is burned in oxygen. (a) What are the products of the reaction?... Problem 80GQ: The metabolic disorder diabetes causes a buildup of acetone, CH3COCH3, in the blood. Acetone, a... Problem 81GQ: Your body deals with excess nitrogen by excreting it in the form of urea, NH2CONH2. The reaction... Problem 82GQ: The reaction of iron metal and chlorine gas to give iron(III) chloride is illustrated below. (a)... Problem 83GQ Problem 84GQ: The reaction of 750. g each of NH3 and O2 was found to produce 562 g of NO (see pages 177-179). 4... Problem 85GQ: Sodium azide, an explosive chemical used in auto-mobile airbags, is made by the following reaction:... Problem 86GQ Problem 87GQ Problem 88GQ Problem 89GQ Problem 90GQ: A Menthol, from oil of mint, has a characteristic odor. The compound contains only C, H, and O. If... Problem 91GQ: Benzoquinone, a chemical used in the dye industry and in photography, is an organic compound... Problem 92GQ: Aqueous solutions of iron(II) chloride and sodium sulfide react to form iron(II)sulfide and sodium... Problem 93GQ: Sulfuric acid can be prepared starting with the sulfide ore, cuprite (Cu2S). If each S atom in Cu2S... Problem 94GQ Problem 95GQ: An unknown metal reacts with oxygen to give the metal oxide, MO2. Identify the metal if a 0.356-g... Problem 96GQ: Titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, is heated in hydrogen gas to give water and a new titanium oxide. TixOy If... Problem 97GQ: Potassium perchlorate is prepared by the following sequence of reactions: Cl2(g) + 2 KOH(aq) ... Problem 98GQ: A Commercial sodium "hydrosulfite" is 90.1% Na2S2O4. The sequence of reactions used to prepare the... Problem 99GQ: What mass of lime, CaO, can be obtained by heating 125 kg of limestone that is 95.0% by mass CaCO3?... Problem 100GQ: The elements silver, molybdenum, and sulfur combine to form Ag2MoS4. What is the maximum mass of... Problem 101GQ: A mixture of butene, C4Hg, and butane, is burned in air to give CO2 and water. Suppose you burn 2.86... Problem 102GQ: Cloth can be waterproofed by coating it with a silicone layer. This is done by exposing the cloth to... Problem 103GQ: Copper metal can be prepared by roasting copper ore, which can contain cuprite (Cu2S) and copper(II)... Problem 104GQ Problem 105GQ: Sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid react according to the equation NaHCO3(aq) + CH3CO2H(aq) ... Problem 106GQ: A noncarbonated soft drink contains an unknown amount of citric acid, H3C6H5O7. lf 100. mL of the... Problem 107GQ: Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3, is used as a fixer in black-and-white photography. Suppose you have a... Problem 108GQ: You have a mixture of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, and another solid that does not react with sodium... Problem 109GQ: (a) What is the pH of a 0.105 M HCl solution? (b) What is the hydronium ion concentration in a... Problem 110GQ: A solution of hydrochloric acid has a volume of 125 mL and a pH of 2.56. What mass of NaHCO3 must be... Problem 111GQ: One half liter (500. mL) of 2.50 M HCl is mixed with 250. mL of 3.75 M HCl. Assuming the total... Problem 112GQ: A solution of hydrochloric acid has a volume of 250. mL and a pH of 1.92. Exactly 250. mL of 0.0105... Problem 113GQ Problem 115GQ Problem 116GQ Problem 117GQ: Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the... Problem 118GQ: You mix 25.0 mL of 0.234 M FeCl3 with 42.5 mL of 0.453 M NaOH. (a) What mass of Fe(OH)3 (in grams)... Problem 119GQ Problem 120GQ: ATOM ECONOMY: Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, is an important industrial chemical [as it is the starting... Problem 121IL: Suppose you dilute 25.0 mL of a 0.110 M solution of Na2CO3 to exactly 100.0 mL. You then take... Problem 122IL Problem 123IL: Oyster beds in the oceans require chloride ions for growth. The minimum concentration is 8 mg/L (8... Problem 125IL: You wish to determine the weight percent of copper in a copper-containing alloy. After dissolving a... Problem 126IL Problem 127IL: Chromium(III) chloride forms many compounds with ammonia. To find the formula of one of these... Problem 128IL: Thioridazine, C21H26N2S2, is a pharmaceutical agent used to regulate dopamine (Dopamine, a... Problem 129IL: A herbicide contains 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), C8H6Cl2O3. A 1.236-g sample of the... Problem 130IL: Sulfuric acid is listed in a catalog with a concentration of 95-98%. A bottle of the acid in the... Problem 135SCQ: Two beakers sit on a balance; the total mass is 167.170 g. One beaker contains a solution of KI; the... Problem 136SCQ: A weighed sample of iron (Fe) is added to liquid bromine (Br2) and allowed to react completely. The... Problem 137SCQ: Let us explore a reaction with a limiting reactant. Here, zinc metal is added to a flask containing... Problem 139SCQ: Two students titrate different samples of the same solution of HCl using 0.100 M NaOH solution and... Problem 141SCQ: ATOM ECONOMY: Benzene, C6H6, is a common compound, and it can be oxidized to give maleic anhydride,... Problem 142SCQ: ATOM ECONOMY: Maleic anhydride, C4H2O3, can be produced by the oxidation of benzene (Study Question... Problem 2PS: What mass of HCI, in grams, is required to react with 0.750 g of Al(OH)3? What mass of water, in...
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How many moles of lithium hydroxide would be required to produce 50.0 g of Li₂CO₃ in the following chemical reaction ? 2 LiOH(s) + CO₂(g) → Li₂CO₃(s) + H₂O(l)
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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