If some auction participants for crude-oil field leases have estimates that the oil in the ground is worth $1.2 million, $1.3 million, or $1.5 million with certainty; other auction participants have estimates that the same oil field lease is worth $1.1 million, $1.3 million, or $1.5 million with certainty; and a third group of auction participants have estimates that the same oil field lease is worth $1.1 million, $1.2 million, or $1.3 million, and all three forecasts contain the true common value, what is that value? How would you as auctioneer-seller design an auction to reduce strategic underbidding and realize this true value?

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