If the reaction of the ballast on the railway tie can be assumed uniformly distributed over the cross-section along the length as shown. Determine the maximum bending stress developed in the tie. The tie rectangular section has a thickness of t = 6 in.

3. For the given state of stress, determine the principal planes, the principal stresses, the max shear stress. You must use Mohr's Circle. 20 MPa 32 MPa 55 MPa

The hollow circular beam is fixed to the wall (with a bracket) on the left and has an end-cap on the right. The cross-section is shown. (a) Determine state of stress at point A & draw the stress element (b) Determine state of stress at point B & draw the stress element A 100 k-in Tout 2 in n=1.75 in В. B 40 k-in C Tout 30 k X