In 1979, bones found outside Ekaterinburg, Russia, were shown to be those of Tsar Nicholas and his family, who were executed in 1918 by a Bolshevik firing squad in the Russian Revolution . To prove that the skeletons were those of the royal family, mtDNA was extracted from the bone samples, amplified by PCR, and compared with mtDNA from living relatives of the tsar’s family. Q. Mitochondrial DNA from which living relatives would provide useful information for verifying that the skeletons were those of the royal family?

In 1979, bones found outside Ekaterinburg, Russia, were shown to be those of Tsar Nicholas and his family, who were executed in 1918 by a Bolshevik firing squad in the Russian Revolution . To prove that the skeletons were those of the royal family, mtDNA was extracted from the bone samples, amplified by PCR, and compared with mtDNA from living relatives of the tsar’s family. Q. Mitochondrial DNA from which living relatives would provide useful information for verifying that the skeletons were those of the royal family?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section19.8: Genomics And Human Evolution

Problem 2GR

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In 1979, bones found outside Ekaterinburg, Russia, were shown to bethose of Tsar Nicholas and his family, who were executed in 1918 by aBolshevik firing squad in the Russian Revolution. To prove that the skeletons were those of the royalfamily, mtDNA was extracted from the bone samples, amplified byPCR, and compared with mtDNA from living relatives of the tsar’sfamily.a. Why was DNA from the mitochondria analyzed instead of nuclearDNA? What are some of the advantages of using mtDNA for this type ofstudy?b. Mitochondrial DNA from which living relatives would provide usefulinformation for verifying that the skeletons were those of the royal family?
DNA profiling has been used to verify pedigrees of valuable animals such as show dogs, racing greyhounds, and thoroughbred horses. However, the technology is much harder to apply in these cases than it is in forensic applications for humans. In particular, many more DNA markers must be examined in domesticated animals to stablish the identity or close familial relationship of two DNA samples. Why would you need to look at more polymorphic loci in these animals than you would in humans?
Mitochondrial DNA evidence has shown that____. a. the greatest diversity of mtDNA is in European peoples, suggesting they share a more recent origin b. the least diversity of mtDNA is in African peoples, suggesting Old World peoples share a more ancient origin c. the greatest diversity of mtDNA is in African peoples, suggesting they share a more ancient origin d. the least diversity of mtDNA is in European peoples, suggesting they share a more ancient origin
How do you know if the halibut you purchased at the supermarket is really halibut? To identify the source of a biological sample, scientists PCR amplify and then sequence a region of DNA known to vary between species. For animals, this DNA region is a 648-base pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The sequence of this mtDNA region acts as a so-called DNA barcode because a database exists that contains the sequences of this mtDNA region that are unique for hundreds of thousands of animal species. A) Why do you think that a region of mitochondrial DNA is used for barcoding animals, as opposed to a region of nuclear genomic DNA?
Please use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 10. Is it likely this segment of DNA codes for a protein? State 'yes' or 'no' AND support your answer using information from the text.
Please use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 9. A scientist analyzed the bases in a segment of DNA from a human skin cell to determine if it codes for a protein. The base A (Adenine) is 11% of the bases in this segment of DNA. Calculate the percentage of bases that would be C…
DNA fingerprinting involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at a specific sequence, resulting in many fragments of different lengths. Gel electrophoresis then separates the fragments according to size. DNA fingerprints produced from four different individuals is shown below.The DNA for Individuals 3 and 4 could NOT be Select one: a. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same maternal grandmother (both their mothers had the same mother) b. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same paternal grandmother (both their fathers had the same mother) c. nuclear DNA from identical twins d. nuclear DNA isolated from a hair left at a crime scene and a buccal swab from a suspect who was present at the crime
The human genome is approximately 3 billion basepairs in size.a. Using standard 8.5″ × 11″ paper with one-inch margins, a 12-point font size, and single-spaced lines, howmany sheets of paper printed on one side would berequired to print out the human genome?b. A ream of 500 sheets of paper is about 5 cm thick.How tall would the stack of paper with the entirehuman genome be?c. Would you want a backpack, shopping cart, or asemitrailer truck to haul around this stack?
DNA-DNA hybridization studies in the 1960s demonstrated that common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus), are most closely related to which of the following non-chimpanzee primate species (sharing about 98% of protein-coding nucleotides)? the agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis) the human (Homo sapiens) the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) the olive baboon (Papio anubis) 7. Which of the following mobile genetic elements is a retrotransposon, making up about 10% of the human genome, but no longer codes for a functional gene product (and is therefore a “pseudogene”)? the LINE-1 element (repeated up to 50,000 times in the human genome) the DNA-only transposons known as “jumping genes” (in corn) the avocado sunblotch viroid the typical transposon found in a bacterial chromosome the Alu sequence (repeated up to 1,000,000 times in the human genome) . Which of the following self-replicating biological agents carries only one…
If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one would you choose, and why? Assume you could either change an abnormal allele associated with a disease, such as the cystin gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis to its normal wild type, or add a pre-existing human allele to a genome.
Assuming human cells have on average 1000 mitochondria, what percentage by weight of the total DNAisolated from human tissue would be mtDNA?
In 1967, a couple accused a hospital of switching their baby with another. DNA interpretation did not exist at this time so the hospital traced the blood types of the family in order to determine if a mistake was made. The mother had Type A blood, the father had Type AB blood, and the baby had Type O blood. Use the Punnett square to defend your answer to the following question: Did the hospital make a mistake and switch the baby? ____________