In a two countries, two commodities and two factors of production model, and under the assumption of constant foreign exchange rate and income, suppose that Nation 2 which is a small nation imposes an ad-valorem tariff on its importable commodity X. Show on a figure by partial equilibrium analysis; a) The consumption, production, trade, revenue and distribution of income effects of the tariff. b) The welfare effect of the tariff as a whole.
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- In a two countries, two commodities and two factors of production model, and under the assumption of constant foreign exchange rate and income, suppose that Nation 2 which is a small nation imposes an ad-valorem tariff on its importable commodity X. Show on a figure by partial equilibrium analysis; a) The consumption, production, trade, revenue and distribution of income effects of the tariff. b) The welfare effect of the tariff as a whole.a) It is sometimes argued that, if a government protects a domestic industry (forexample, using tariffs or subsidies) that is facing import competition from a moreefficient foreign industry, this would be a net gain for the country as a whole, evenif the foreign industry is itself protected. Give arguments for and against this pointof view, drawing on Ricardo’s theory of trade, the Standard Model, and other theorythat you consider relevant. Finally, does the size of the country matter?Givenw: (1) two nations (1 and 2) which have the sametechnology but different factor endowments and tastes, (2)two commodities (X and Y) produced under increasingcosts conditions and (3) no transportation costs, tariffs orother obstructions to trade.Prove geometrically that mutually advantageous tradebetween the two nations is possible.Note: Your answer should show the autarky (no-trade) andfree-trade points of production and consumption for eachnation, show gains from trade of each nation and expressthe equilibrium condition that should prevail when trade Stop equilibrum
- According to the open-economy macroeconomic model, import quotas increase which of the following O a. net exports and net capital outflow O b. net exports but not net capital outflow. O c. net capital outflow but not net exports. O d. neither net exports nor net capital outflow.Suppose that the opportunity cost ratio for apples and oranges is 1AE =30 in Germany but 10= 2A in Japan At which of the following international eschange ratios (terms of trade) with Gemany andJapan be willing to specialize and engage in trade with each otherO10=215AO 10= 1.25AO 10=0.25AO 10=0.15Ai live in turkey a) What are the comparative advantages (as a product or service) of your country? Why? b)Are those products main export goods/services of your country? i) If yes, please give the percent of export share of those products. ii) If no, please indicate which products/services should beconsidered as products that they have comparative advantage considering the current export volume?
- 4. Assume a two-country two-good two-input model. Let the countries in the model be Vietnam andMyanmar and the goods be shirts and natural gas. The two factors of production are labor and land.Further, Vietnam is labor-abundant and shirts production is labor-intensive. Suppose, in the absenceof trade, Vietnam operates at a point on its production-possibility curve where it produces andconsumes 20 units of shirts and 25 units of natural gas. Once it engages in free trade, the internationalprice of one unit of natural gas is .8 units of a shirt. In response to the opening of trade, Vietnammoves along its production-possibility curve to a new point where it produces 100 units of shirts and10 units of natural gas. Assume that with free trade, Vietnam chooses to consume 52 units of shirtsand chooses to trade all of its remaining surplus of shirts.a. Demonstrate the gains to trade for Vietnam.2. Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu Theorema. Describe the theorem and its implication regarding the characterization of the equilibriumin a pure exchange economy.b. Explain the source of the indeterminacy. c. Illustrate using graph(s) what the theorem means for the equilibrium in a two-goodeconomy.Suppose that Mexico has previously had restrictions on inflows of foreign direct investment from all sources, including the United States. Then suppose that they remove those restrictions on flows from the United States in a particular industry, say sweatshirts. As a result, several sweatshirt producers in the US move production to Mexico via FDI. Indicate for each of the groups below whether you expect them to gain or to lose from this flow of investment: Owners of firms in Mexico that previously produced sweatshirts. Group of answer choices Lose Gain Unchanged
- 9. Answer ALL parts of this question. Consider the standard trade model with two goods and two factors, labour and capital. (a) Suppose that a country experiences an increase in its labour force. Assume thatgood X is labour intensive and good Y is capital intensive. How would theproduction possibility frontier change as a result? Illustrate this with a simplediagram. (b) What does it mean for the “terms of trade” to improve and why might this matter interms of welfare? (c) Consider two countries: Home and Foreign. Each country produces two goods,cloth (C) and food (F). Assume Home is an exporter of cloth. Now suppose Homeimposes a 20 percent tariff on the value of food imports. What will be the effect ofthe food tariff on the relative price of cloth and terms of trade? Illustrate youranswer with a relevant diagram. You may assume that Home is large enough toaffect the world market.Assume that the comparative-cost ratios of two products—baby formula and tuna fish—are as follows in the nations of Canswicki and Tunata: Canswicki: 1 can baby formula ≡ 5 cans tuna fish Tunata: 1 can baby formula ≡ 7 cans tuna fish a. In what product should each nation specialize? Canswicki should produce _____- , and Tunata should produce _____ b. Would the following terms of trade be acceptable to both nations? i. 1 can baby formula ≡ 4 cans tuna fish: yes or no ii. 1 can baby formula ≡ 8 cans tuna fish: yes or no iii. 1 can baby formula ≡ 5.5 cans tuna fish: yes or noConsider a world with two countries - USA and Foreign and a competitive market of sugar in both countries. Foreign is more effecient in the production of sugar and in a free trade equilibrium, US would import part of its consumption of sugar. Describe graphically such trading equilibrium of sugar. What would be the effect on the sugar price in USA and on the welfare (measured by consumer surplus, pro- ducer surplus and tari§ revenue) of US when US imposes an import tariffs on sugar? Argue using a graph taking into consideration that US is a large sugar importing country.