In general, what sorts of pathogens might be able to more successfully attack a patient with an inability to synthesize B lymphocytes?

Q: In what areas are lymph nodes clustered? Why is this desirable?

A: Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are the part of the lymphatic system. They are…

Q: What is the source of Interferons (type I)?

A: Interferons can be defined as the group of signaling proteins that are released with the help of…

Q: What are the structural and functional differences between a B cell and a plasma cell?

A: Lymphocytes or the white blood cells are a part of teh immune system. They are of to types namely, B…

Q: How do antigens arrive at lymphatic tissues?

A: The lymphatic system in the body is equipped to remove toxins, unwanted materials, and other…

Q: In addition to cells infected by microbes, what other types of target cells are attacked by…

A: Lymphocytes are the types of WBC (white blood cells) that are located in the immune system of the…

Q: What is a lymphatic nodule? Describe three places where lymphatic nodules can be found?

A: A small, localized collection of lymphoid tissue is called lymphatic nodule. It is located in the…

Q: Which antibody class is the first produced during a primary response?

A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…

Q: mechanisms of Complement System activation

A: Complement system are part of innate immunity system. These protect our cells and tissues against…

Q: In treating a woman for malignancy in the right breast, the surgeon removes some of her axillary…

A: Breast cancer can happen in ladies and rarely in men.  Side effects of breast cancer include a lump…

Q: Explain the observation that lymphoid tissues are scattered in the skin,lungs, stomach, and…

A: The most diffuse lymphoid tissue is found in the free connective-tissue spaces underneath most wet…

Q: Name the 3 major sub-types of T-lymphocytes: a. (a) ___________________ (b) ___________________ (c)…

A:

Q: How are B cells that are self-reactive in the lymph nodes are handled? How is it detected? Does it…

A: The lymphatic system consists of a group of cells or immune cells that inhabits all the organs of…

Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?

A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…

Q: What are the functions of B lymphocytes?

A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…

Q: Why is injecting a substance into the skin similar toinjecting it into the lymphatic system?

A: Answer- Skin is a largest organ of the body it is not fully supplied with the blood vessles.

Q: Why is the spleen considered a hematologic organ? Why can humans live without it?

A: The lymphoid organs are involved in the development, maturation, activation, differentiation, and…

Q: What sorts of pathogens could successfully attack a patient who is unable to produce T lymphocytes?

A: White blood cell protects body from pathogen. Specifically lymphocyte doing this job. Lymphocytes…

Q: Describe in general terms the activation of the host complement system and its three outcomes

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: Following infection, how does the population of B and T lymphocytes change?

A: Introduction :- White blood cells, or lymphocytes, are one of the body's main types of immune cells.…

Q: Why are the axillary lymph nodes often biopsied in cases of suspected breast cancer?

A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It is not a single disease rather, it is two or more hundreds of…

Q: Fill in the blank:  Lymph enters a node through a(an) _______________________ lymphatic vessel.

A: The lymphatic system is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory and immune…

Q: Give the principal function of lymphocytes, and differentiate between the two lymphocyte types and…

A: The principal function of lymphocytes: These are fundamental cells of our immune system and helps in…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…

Q: Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic tissue (lymph fluid, vessels, ducts, and…

A: LYMPHATIC TISSUE - it is a part of the body's immune system that helps protect it from bacteria  and…

Q: Why always decline or elevation of immune cells can not be considered as a sign of disease?

A: Antigens cause the immune system to produce cells that target the pathogen directly or special…

Q: If your tonsils are removed, how does your body develop animmune response against antigens in the…

A: Tonsils Tonsils consist of ovoid lymphoid tissue with fibrous capsule and are the part of waldeyer's…

Q: Give exact location of lymphocytes and state its function.

A: White blood cells are colourless, nucleated and Motile cells of blood. These are much higher than…

Q: What distinguishes neutrophils from dendritic cells? How do basophils differ from mast cells?

A: The immune system is spread throughout the body and involves many types of cells, organs, proteins,…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: Describe Two Features of phagocytes that are essential in their response to microbial invasion.

A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?

A:

Q: Compare and contrast the most common infections in individuals with defects in cell-mediated immune…

A: Introduction :- Antibody molecules released by plasma cells serve as the mediators of the humoral…

Q: Name four types of lymphocytes involved in cellularimmunity. Which of these is also essential to…

A: There are two arms of acquired immunity, which have different sets of participants and different…

Q: Describe the composition of individual lymphatic nodules

A: The immune system aims to protect the human body from infection and create various lines of defense.…

Q: What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.

A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…

Q: Fill in the blank:  Lymphatic vessels contain _______________________ that help prevent the backflow…

A: The lymphatic system is one of the major systems of the body that is comprised of the lymphatic…

Q: Explain the general function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

A: Immune cells originate from stem cells in the bone marrow to produce several kinds of white blood…

Q: How might the removal of the spleen result on an increase in the number of circulating platelets?

A: The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that plays an important role in the immune system. It is…

Q: What are the positive and negative selections of lymphocytes in the thymus?

A: T-lymphocytes cells are produced in the bone marrow from the stem cells and develop in the thymus.…

Q: Connect the mononuclear phagocyte system to innate immunity.

A: Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system,…

Q: What is the difference in function between primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, and what are the…

A: To explain: To explain the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and the principal…

Q: Why is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which protein antigen is ingested by an antigen-presenting…

Q: What is the difference between phagocytes and leukocytes and explain their types?

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: How do activated B cells fight a current infection?

A: B cells / B lymphocytes are originated and matured in the bone marrow and then circulated…

Q: Draw a diagram showing how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any epitope imaginable.

A: Introduction: Lymphocytes are the type of leucocytes that takes part in adaptive immunity. There are…