In human population X, consider the simple Mendelian trait for freckles. F is the dominant allele and f is the recessive allele. Individuals who are homozygous dominant (FF) or heterozygous (Ff) for the trait express freckles. Individuals who are homozygous recessive (ff) for the trait do not express freckles. In this population, 30% (0.3) of the alleles are recessive (f) and 70% (0.7) are dominant (F). Q1. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the genotype frequencies we should expect in the next generation. Be sure to show your work. Q2. You have collected data on the observed genotype frequencies of the next generation. They are: 60% FF, 30% Ff, and 10% ff. Based on these observations and your expectations, is this trait currently evolving in this population? Why or why not? Show your work.
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
In human population X, consider the simple Mendelian trait for freckles. F is the dominant allele and f is the recessive allele. Individuals who are homozygous dominant (FF) or heterozygous (Ff) for the trait express freckles. Individuals who are homozygous recessive (ff) for the trait do not express freckles. In this population, 30% (0.3) of the alleles are recessive (f) and 70% (0.7) are dominant (F).
Q1. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the genotype frequencies we should expect in the next generation. Be sure to show your work.
Q2. You have collected data on the observed genotype frequencies of the next generation. They are: 60% FF, 30% Ff, and 10% ff. Based on these observations and your expectations, is this trait currently evolving in this population? Why or why not? Show your work.
In genetic studies, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also referred as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, law, theorem, or rule, holds that in the absence of other evolutionary factors, allele and genotype frequencies in a community would stay fairly stable over time.
Knowing p and q, plugging these numbers into the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1) is straightforward.
P denotes the dominant allele, whereas q denotes the recessive allele.
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