In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.

Q: What is the effect on the electron transport chain (ETC) if a mutation in the pyruvate carrier…

A: Pyruvate carrier protein or pyruvate translocase is involved in transport of pyruvate from the…

Q: the reduced electron carrier that enters Complex II of the electron transport chain, downstream of…

A: Energy is needed by the cell to do work. The energy is produced by oxidizing the glucose molecules…

Q: toxicity of cyanide (CN-) results from its binding to the iron atoms of the cytochrome aa3 (complex…

A: The toxicity of cyanide (CN-) results from its binding to the iron atoms of the cytochrome aa3…

Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers through which the electrons are…

Q: Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would…

A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…

Q: Briefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of…

A: NADH and FADH2 produced during various metabolic pathway pass through ETC and reduce oxygen to…

Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…

A: FADH2 transports electron to electron transport chain at the inner mitochondrial memberane and…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of re search to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: In plants, the electron transport chain(ETC) tends to occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts,…

Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…

A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: Please report to the second half of the question which is the electron flow during photosynthesis…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…

A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…

Q: In the human skeletal muscle, amino acids can be used as fuel for ATP production when glucose is in…

A: Introduction The human skeletal muscles when in need of energy, can use amino acids as a source by…

Q: Referring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport…

A: The electron transport chain is a combination of four protein complexes that connect redox processes…

Q: What is the mechanistic basis for the observation that the inhibitors of ATP synthase also lead to…

A: Inhibitors of ATP synthase such as the drug (diarylquinoline) were developed against tuberculosis.…

Q: mitochondrial matrix

A: The events of the electron transport chain involve NADH and FADH, which act as electron transporters…

Q: Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is…

A: Electron Transport Chain is a series of electron carriers present in the inner mitochondrial…

Q: Name and briefly describe the major electron carriers found in cells. Why is NADH a good electron…

A: There are two types of electron carriers that are particularly important in cellular respiration:…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: Complex 1- electrons go to Complex 1, 4 protons pumped from matrix to intermembrane space. Complex…

Q: What is the source of Coenzyme A in mitochondria? Is there any manufacturing of Coenzyme A in the…

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to…

Q: true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation?   A. Oxidative…

A: The synthesis of ATP from ADP involving oxidative reactions is known as oxidative phosphorylation.

Q: Which of the following statements is true?   A. The NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: Suppose you are planning experiments to measure oxygen consumption in a preparation of inverted…

A: Given: NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and…

Q: When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield…

A: Ion transfer across the membrane is mediated by an ionophore. Ions are shielded from the lipophilic…

Q: Which of the enzymes discussed in this chapter are NADHlinked dehydrogenases?

A: NADH linked dehydrogenases are the members of family of enzyme that converts NAD from its reduced…

Q: Which complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain accepts electrons directly from NADH…

A: The Electron transport chain involves a chain of electron transporters that goes through redox…

Q: The following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport…

A: An electron transfer chain is a series of electron transporters that are embedded into the inner…

Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?

A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…

Q: Which complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain accepts electrons directly from NADH…

A: All the living organisms require energy to conduct proper functioning. The energy is obtained…

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC): It is a series of four protein complexes that create an…

Q: Why is the measure of the rate of oxygen consumption a means of determining mitochondrial activity?

A: Cells need oxygen to carry out the various metabolic activities. They are collectively called…

Q: Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a lipid soluble H+ binding drug that equalizes the H+ concentration across…

A: dinitrophenol is essentially an organic molecule with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It's a pleasant,…

Q: otenone is added to the mitochondrial electron transport chain

A: Q.  If rotenone is added to the mitochondrial electron transport chain ______ Answer.  Succinate…

Q: Which complexes of the electron transport system are able to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP…

A: The electron transport chain includes an array of protein complexes that allow the transfer of…

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: Complex I is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain. It oxidizes NADH, which is generated through…

Q: Give an example of a final electron acceptor found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Why is…

A: Aerobic respiration takes place in presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration takes place in…

Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…

A: Introduction The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 formed during the citric acid cycle are…

Q: E A C F В H O2 G Fumarate

A: The electron transport chain is a process in which the NADH and [FADH2] that is produced during…

Q: There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of…

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme, which directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during the…

Q: Which statement is correct in describing the electron transport chain (ETC)? Electron transfer in…

A: All cells require energy (ATP) to carry out various cellular processes, such as active transport,…

Q: Make a rough drawing of the ATP synthase machinery within the mitochondrial membrane and…

A: F1F0-ATP synthase helps in synthesis of ATP in mitochondria. Proton influx into cytoplasm of…

Q: ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: O ADP-ATP antiport…

A: During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP and inorganic phosphate get converted into ATP. This occurs…

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: In the electron transport chain, there are five major protein complexes distributed in the inner…

Q: Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport system are similar in that: (READ THESE ANSWER…

A: The electron transport chain is a group of protein complexes that use redox reactions to transfer…

Q: When 24 acetyl Co-A molecule(s) are respired through the Krebs Cycle and the electron

A: Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport System -- Krebs cycle produces proton carrier eg. NADH and FADH2…

Q: Provide a simplified schematic presentation (metabolic map) of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Include…

A: Mitochondrial beta oxidation is an aerobic process. oxidation of acyl CoA derivatives catalysed by…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.