Interest coverage ratio Consider a firm with a constant interest coverage ratio (k): Interest paid in Year t k FCF If taxes are the only imperfection, which is the optimal k? a) 0.5 b) 0 c) 1 d) as high as possible
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Why is the optimal interest coverage ratio equal to 1 if taxes are the only imperfection?
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- Balance Sheet (dollars in thousands) and Duration (in years) Duration AmountT-bills. 0.5 $ 90T-notes 0.9 55T-bonds 4.393 176Loans 7 2,724Deposits. 1 2,092Fed. funds 0.01 238Equity 715What is the average duration of all the assets? What is the average duration of all the liabilities? What is the FI’s leverage-adjusted duration gap? What is the FI’s interest rate risk exposure? If the entire yield curve shifted upward 0.5 percent (i.e., ΔR/(1 + R) = 0.0050), what is the impact on the FI’s market value of equity? If the entire yield curve shifted downward 0.25 percent (i.e., ΔR/(1 + R) = −0.0025), what is the impact on the FI’s market value of equity?Fixed Income Course - This is all one question. The following questions are about TIPS.a. What is meant by the “real rate”?b. What is meant by the “inflation-adjustedprincipal”?c. Suppose that the coupon rate for a TIPS is3%. Suppose further that an investor purchases$10,000 of par value (initial principal) of thisissue today and that the semiannual inflationrate is 1%.1. What is the dollar coupon interest thatwill be paid in cash at the end of the firstsix months?2. What is the inflation-adjusted principal atthe end of six months?An insurance company’s projected loss ratio is 79.53 percent, and its loss adjustment expense ratio is 7.51 percent. It estimates that commission payments and dividends to policyholders will add another 13.96 percent. What is the minimum yield on investments required in order to maintain a positive operating ratio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
- A firm’s asset are worth $1,000 at time 0. The firm has issued zero-coupon debt with a maturity of t =4 years and a face value of $1,000. Assume that the assets at year 4 are lognormally distributed (think of binomial tree with a “large” number of steps) where the annualized asset drift rate is mu=5%, and the annualized volatility is 30%. The (continuously compounded) risk-free rate is 3%. There are no taxes. The value of the firm’s equity at time 0 is closest to A. $150 B. $283 C. $0 D. $139 E. $187Q. Emmar Industries borrows $800 million at an interest rate of 7.6%. Emmar will pay tax at an effective rate of 35%. What is the present value of interest tax shields if?(a.) It expects to maintain this debt level into the far future?(b.) It expects to repay the debt at the end of 5 years?(c.) It expects to maintain a constant debt ratio once it borrows the $800 million and rassets =10%?Chevron-Phillips requires a real return of 14.2%. If inflation is running 3.8%, what must be their MARR or “hurdle rate” on capital investments when using then-current dollars in analyses?
- Your firm has a target debt ratio of 30%. Cost of debt (Rb) is 6%. The risk-free rate is 3% and the expected market risk premium is 6%. Your firm's unlevered (asset) beta is 1. What is the appropriate rate to discount the interest tax shields associated with your debt? Only typed answerQuantitative Problem: You are given the following information for Wine and Cork Enterprises (WCE):r = 5%; r = 9%; RP = 4%, and beta = 1What is WCE's required rate of return? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.________ %If inflation increases by 2% but there is no change in investors' risk aversion, what is WCE's required rate of return now? Round your answer to two decimal places. Donot round intermediate calculations.________ %Assume now that there is no change in inflation, but risk aversion increases by 1%. What is WCE's required rate of return now? Round your answer to two decimalplaces. Do not round intermediate calculations.________ %If inflation increases by 2% and risk aversion increases by 1%, what is WCE's required rate of return now? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not roundintermediate calculations.Expected rate of return and risk) B. J. Gautney Enterprises is evaluating a security. One-year Treasury bills are currently paying 2.0 percent. Calculate the investment's expected return and its standard deviation. Should Gautney invest in this security? Probability Return 0.20 −7 % 0.30 1 % 0.30 3 % 0.20 7 %
- Consider a two-date binomial model. A company has both debt and equity in its capital structure. The value of the company is 100 at Date 0. At Date 1, it is equally like that the value of the company increases by 20% or decreases by 10%. The total promised amount to the debtholders is 100 at Date 1. The riskfree interest rate is 10%. a. What is the value of the debt at Date 0? What is the value of the equity at Date 0? b. Suppose the government announces that it guarantees the company’s payment to the debtholders. How much is the government guarantee worth?Consider a two-date binomial model. A company has both debt and equity in its capital structure. The value of the company is 100 at Date 0. At Date 1, it is equally like that the value of the company increases by 20% or decreases by 10%. The total promised amount to the debtholders is 100 at Date 1. The riskfree interest rate is 10%. a. What are the possible payoffs to the equityholders at date 1? What kind of financial product has the same payoffs? Please describe the detailed characteristics of the financial product. b. What are the possible payoffs to the bondholders at date 1? Are they riskfree? What kind of financial product/portfolio has the same payoffs? Please describe the detailed characteristics of the financial product/portfolio.Multiple Choice An investment had a nominal return of 100 percent last year. If the real return on the investment was only 7.6 percent, what was the inflation rate for the year? 2.48% 2.23% 218% 18.36% 10.27%